设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着人们生活品质的提升，家庭园艺成为丰富居家生活的重要方式，但传统花盆依赖人工管理，难以精准适配植物生长所需的温湿度、光照、土壤湿度及空气质量等环境条件。若环境参数异常（如温度过高 / 过低、土壤干旱、CO₂浓度超标）未及时调整，易导致植物生长不良甚至枯萎，尤其对于忙碌或缺乏园艺经验的用户，精准养护植物存在较大难度。因此，研发一种能自动监测环境参数、智能调控生长条件且支持远程管理的智能花盆十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能花盆。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度监测模块监测环境温湿度，温度大于设置最大值时控制风扇工作降温，小于设置最小值时控制加热片工作升温，在阈值区间内关闭温控设备；借助 5516 光照监测模块监测光照强度，小于设置最小值时打开照明补光，大于设置最大值时关闭照明；通过 YL-69 土壤湿度监测模块监测土壤湿度，小于设置最小值时控制水泵工作浇水，直至土壤湿度达到阈值；利用 SGP30 模块监测环境 CO₂浓度，大于设置最大值时控制通风设备开启；用户可通过按键设置环境温湿度、光照强度、土壤湿度、CO₂浓度的最大值；通过 OLED 液晶显示模块实时显示各项监测参数；同时，系统通过 ECB02 蓝牙将监测数据传输至手机端，手机端也可远程控制加热、降温、补光、浇水、通风设备的工作状态。
该智能花盆的作用在于，为用户提供了一种自动化、精准化的植物养护解决方案。通过实时监测与智能调控，确保植物始终处于适宜的生长环境，减少人工干预成本；远程控制功能打破空间限制，用户可随时随地掌握植物生长状态并调整养护策略，既满足了家庭园艺爱好者的需求，也为缺乏养护经验的用户提供了便利，助力植物健康生长。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能花盆；温湿度监测；土壤湿度监测；ECB02
Design of Intelligent Flower Pot Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the improvement of people’s quality of life, home gardening has become an important way to enrich home life. However, traditional flower pots rely on manual management and are difficult to accurately adapt to environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light, soil moisture, and air quality required for plant growth. If the environmental parameters are not adjusted in a timely manner (such as high/low temperature, soil drought, and excessive CO ₂ concentration), it can easily lead to poor plant growth or even withering, especially for busy or inexperienced users who face great difficulties in precise plant maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intelligent flowerpot that can automatically monitor environmental parameters, intelligently regulate growth conditions, and support remote management.
This design proposes an intelligent flowerpot based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: monitoring environmental temperature and humidity through the DHT11 temperature and humidity monitoring module, controlling the fan to cool down when the temperature is above the set maximum value, controlling the heating element to heat up when it is below the set minimum value, and turning off the temperature control device within the threshold range; Monitor the light intensity with the help of the 5516 light monitoring module. When it is below the set minimum value, turn on the lighting supplement light, and when it is above the set maximum value, turn off the lighting; Monitor soil moisture through the YL-69 soil moisture monitoring module, and control the water pump to water when it is below the set minimum value until the soil moisture reaches the threshold; Use SGP30 module to monitor the concentration of CO ₂ in the environment, and control the ventilation equipment to turn on when it exceeds the set maximum value; Users can set the maximum values of environmental temperature and humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, and CO ₂ concentration through buttons; Real time display of various monitoring parameters through OLED LCD display module; At the same time, the system transmits monitoring data to the mobile phone through ECB02 Bluetooth, and the mobile phone can also remotely control the working status of heating, cooling, lighting, watering, and ventilation equipment.
The function of this smart flowerpot is to provide users with an automated and precise plant care solution. By real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation, ensure that plants are always in a suitable growth environment and reduce the cost of manual intervention; The remote control function breaks space limitations, allowing users to monitor plant growth status and adjust maintenance strategies anytime and anywhere. It not only meets the needs of home gardening enthusiasts, but also provides convenience for users who lack maintenance experience, helping plants grow healthily.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent flower pot; Temperature and humidity monitoring; Soil moisture monitoring; ECB02
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 DHT11 温湿度监测模块电路设计
3.4 5516 光照监测模块电路设计
3.5 YL-69 土壤湿度监测模块电路设计
3.6 SGP30 CO₂监测模块电路设计
3.7 OLED 液晶显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.10 ECB02 蓝牙模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 土壤湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.7 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.8 OLED显示流程设计
4.9 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数监测及 OLED 显示功能测试
5.3 温湿度调控功能测试
5.4 光照与土壤湿度调控功能测试
5.5 CO₂与通风调控功能测试
5.6 按键参数设置与蓝牙远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！