设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着生活品质的提升和智能化需求的增长，空调的便捷化、节能化与智能化控制成为人们改善居住环境的重要需求。传统空调在无人状态下持续运行易造成能源浪费，且手动调节模式、温度等操作不够便捷，难以满足用户对舒适生活与高效节能的双重追求。因此，研发一款具备智能控制、自动调节及远程交互功能的智能空调具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于STC89C52 单片机的智能空调系统。系统主要功能包括：通过VS1838 红外接收头配合遥控器实现控制，遥控器 “OK” 键控制空调启停（开机默认制冷模式且 LED 电源灯点亮），“1” 键切换制热 / 制冷模式（制热设温度最小值、制冷设温度最大值），“2” 键通过MX1508 驱动芯片控制直流电机调节风速，“3” 键实现定时关闭（每按一次增加 30s），“↑”“↓” 键调节设置温度；通过DS18B20 温度传感器实时测量环境温度，制冷模式下温度高于设置最大值时启动制冷继电器，制热模式下温度低于设置最小值时启动制热继电器；借助LCD1602 显示屏显示测量温度、运行模式等信息；通过ECB02 蓝牙模块将数据发送至手机端，手机可模拟遥控器控制空调；同时支持按键调节温度与定时时间，并通过D203S 人体红外传感器检测人体存在，无人时自动关闭空调。
该智能空调系统的作用在于，为用户提供了便捷、节能且智能化的空调控制方案。通过自动调节、远程控制及无人自动关机等功能，既能保障用户居住环境的舒适性，又能有效减少能源浪费，提升生活便捷度与居住体验。
关键词：单片机；智能空调；红外接收头；温度传感器；蓝牙模块
Abstract
With the improvement of quality of life and the increasing demand for intelligence, the convenience, energy saving, and intelligent control of air conditioning have become important needs for people to improve their living environment. Traditional air conditioners that operate continuously without human intervention are prone to energy waste, and manual adjustment modes, temperature, and other operations are not convenient enough to meet users’ dual pursuit of comfortable living and high efficiency and energy conservation. Therefore, developing an intelligent air conditioner with intelligent control, automatic adjustment, and remote interaction functions is of great significance.
This design proposes an intelligent air conditioning system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: using the VS1838 infrared receiver head in conjunction with a remote control to achieve control, using the “OK” button on the remote control to control the start and stop of the air conditioner (default cooling mode and LED power light on), using the “1” button to switch between heating/cooling modes (minimum heating temperature and maximum cooling temperature), using the “2” button to control the DC motor to adjust the wind speed through the MX1508 driver chip, using the “3” button to achieve timed shutdown (increasing by 30 seconds with each press), and using the “↑” and “↓” buttons to adjust the set temperature; Real time measurement of ambient temperature through DS18B20 temperature sensor. When the temperature is higher than the set maximum value in cooling mode, the cooling relay is activated. When the temperature is lower than the set minimum value in heating mode, the heating relay is activated; Display measurement temperature, operating mode, and other information on the LCD1602 display screen; Send data to the mobile phone through the ECB02 Bluetooth module, and the phone can simulate a remote control to control the air conditioner; Simultaneously supporting button adjustment of temperature and timing, and detecting human presence through D203S human infrared sensor, automatically turning off the air conditioning when no one is around.
The function of this intelligent air conditioning system is to provide users with a convenient, energy-saving, and intelligent air conditioning control solution. Through functions such as automatic adjustment, remote control, and unmanned automatic shutdown, it can not only ensure the comfort of users’ living environment, but also effectively reduce energy waste, improve the convenience of life and living experience.
Keywords：microcontroller; Intelligent air conditioning; Infrared receiver head; Temperature sensor; Bluetooth module
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外控制模块电路设计
3.4 温度检测模块电路设计
3.5 电机驱动与风速控制模块电路设计
3.6 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
3.10 人体红外检测模块电路设计
3.11 LED 电源灯模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 直流电机-MX1508驱动模块子流程
4.7 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.8 红外接收模块子流程设计
4.9 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 红外遥控与电源控制功能测试
5.3 温度检测与继电器控制功能测试
5.4 显示功能测试
5.5 蓝牙通信功能测试
5.6 按键控制功能测试
5.7 人体红外检测功能测试
5.8 定时关机功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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