设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着农业灌溉、家庭园艺等场景对水资源高效利用需求的不断提升，传统灌溉方式因缺乏精准的环境与土壤状态感知，常出现水资源浪费或灌溉不足的问题。在农业生产中，不合理的灌溉不仅增加用水成本，还可能影响作物生长；家庭园艺场景下，人工灌溉难以根据环境变化灵活调整，无法满足植物生长的精准用水需求。因此，研发一种能结合环境与土壤状态、实现智能调控的节水控制器，对提升水资源利用率、保障植物健康生长具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能节水控制器。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度传感器检测环境温湿度，通过 YL-69 土壤湿度检测模块采集土壤湿度数据；设置双重灌溉触发条件，仅当土壤湿度低于预设最小值且环境温湿度高于预设最小值时，单片机才控制继电器驱动水泵进行灌溉，若环境温湿度低于设置值，即使土壤湿度不足也不启动灌溉；用户可通过按键模块手动设定环境温湿度与土壤湿度的阈值参数；同时，系统通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示检测到的环境温湿度、土壤湿度及当前灌溉状态，方便用户直观掌握设备运行情况。
该智能节水控制器的应用价值在于，为不同场景提供了精准、高效的节水灌溉解决方案。通过结合环境与土壤双参数判断灌溉时机，有效避免了盲目灌溉造成的水资源浪费，同时确保植物在适宜的环境条件下获得水分供给，保障生长需求。其操作简便、功能实用的特点，既适用于农业小规模种植，也能满足家庭园艺的智能灌溉需求，对推动节水农业发展、提升家庭用水效率具有积极作用。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；节水控制器；温湿度传感器；YL-69；灌溉
Design of Intelligent Water saving Controller Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the increasing demand for efficient use of water resources in agricultural irrigation, home gardening and other scenarios, traditional irrigation methods often suffer from water waste or insufficient irrigation due to the lack of precise environmental and soil state perception. In agricultural production, unreasonable irrigation not only increases water costs, but may also affect crop growth; In the context of home gardening, artificial irrigation is difficult to flexibly adjust according to environmental changes and cannot meet the precise water demand for plant growth. Therefore, developing a water-saving controller that can combine environmental and soil conditions to achieve intelligent regulation is of great practical significance for improving water resource utilization and ensuring healthy plant growth.
This design proposes an intelligent water-saving controller based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: detecting environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, and collecting soil moisture data through YL-69 soil moisture detection module; Set dual irrigation trigger conditions. Only when the soil moisture is below the preset minimum value and the environmental temperature and humidity are above the preset minimum value, the microcontroller will control the relay to drive the water pump for irrigation. If the environmental temperature and humidity are below the set value, irrigation will not be started even if the soil moisture is insufficient; Users can manually set the threshold parameters for environmental temperature, humidity, and soil moisture through the button module; At the same time, the system displays the detected environmental temperature and humidity, soil moisture, and current irrigation status in real time through an OLED display screen, making it convenient for users to intuitively grasp the operation of the equipment.
The application value of this intelligent water-saving controller lies in providing precise and efficient water-saving irrigation solutions for different scenarios. By combining environmental and soil parameters to determine irrigation timing, the waste of water resources caused by blind irrigation is effectively avoided, while ensuring that plants receive water supply under suitable environmental conditions to meet their growth needs. Its simple operation and practical functions are not only suitable for small-scale agricultural planting, but also meet the intelligent irrigation needs of home gardening, which plays a positive role in promoting the development of water-saving agriculture and improving household water efficiency.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Water saving controller; Temperature and humidity sensors; YL-69； irrigation
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 土壤湿度检测模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 继电器执行模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 土壤湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 OLED显示流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境温湿度与土壤湿度检测及显示功能测试
5.3 阈值设定功能测试
5.4 灌溉逻辑控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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