设计说明书
总字数：22000+
摘要
随着人们生活品质的提升，水族饲养已成为常见的居家休闲方式，而鱼缸内水质、水温、光照等环境参数的稳定，直接影响鱼类生存状态与观赏效果。传统鱼缸依赖人工频繁监测与操作，不仅耗时费力，且易因人为疏忽导致水质恶化、水温异常，引发鱼类患病甚至死亡；同时，远程管理需求（如外出时控制换水、投喂）也难以满足。因此，研发一种能自动调控环境、支持远程管理的智能鱼缸系统，具有重要的实用价值。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能鱼缸系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 TDS 水质模块检测水质，数值超预设最大值时，蜂鸣器报警并触发水泵换水（1 个抽水、1 个加水），手机界面同步提示 “水质差，请换水”；通过防水式 DS18B20 检测水温，超上下限时分别驱动继电器控制加热棒加热或风扇制冷；通过 5516 光照模块检测光照，低于最小值时触发 RGB 灯与 LED 灯补光；通过按键控制 SG90 舵机完成鱼饵投喂，且可设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示水质、水温、光照等测量值；借助 ESP8266-12F WiFi 模块将数据上传至阿里云平台，手机端可远程控制加热、制冷、投喂、照明及换水功能。
该智能鱼缸系统的作用在于，实现鱼缸环境的自动化、智能化管理。通过实时监测与自动调控，减少人工干预成本，保障鱼类生存环境稳定；远程控制功能满足用户外出时的管理需求，同时丰富的观赏照明设计提升水族饲养的趣味性，为用户提供便捷、高效的水族饲养解决方案。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能鱼缸；环境参数调控；远程控制；WiFi 通信
Intelligent fish tank based on STM32 microcontroller
Abstract
With the improvement of people’s quality of life, aquarium farming has become a common way of home leisure, and the stability of environmental parameters such as water quality, water temperature, and light in fish tanks directly affects the survival status and ornamental effect of fish. Traditional fish tanks rely on frequent manual monitoring and operation, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also prone to human negligence leading to water quality deterioration, abnormal water temperature, and even fish disease and death; At the same time, remote management needs (such as controlling water changes and feeding when going out) are also difficult to meet. Therefore, developing an intelligent fish tank system that can automatically regulate the environment and support remote management has important practical value.
This design proposes an intelligent fish tank system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting water quality through the TDS water quality module. When the value exceeds the preset maximum value, the buzzer will sound an alarm and trigger the water pump to change water (1 pump, 1 add water). The mobile interface will synchronously prompt “Poor water quality, please change water”; By using the waterproof DS18B20 to detect water temperature, the relay is driven to control the heating rod to heat or the fan to cool when the upper and lower limits are exceeded; Detect lighting through the 5516 lighting module, and trigger RGB and LED lights for supplementary lighting when it falls below the minimum value; Control the SG90 servo motor through buttons to complete bait feeding, and set various parameter thresholds; Real time display of water quality, water temperature, lighting and other measurement values through OLED display screen; By using the ESP8266-12F WiFi module to upload data to the Alibaba Cloud platform, the mobile end can remotely control heating, cooling, feeding, lighting, and water changing functions.
The function of this intelligent fish tank system is to achieve automated and intelligent management of the fish tank environment. By real-time monitoring and automatic regulation, the cost of manual intervention can be reduced to ensure a stable living environment for fish; The remote control function meets the management needs of users when going out, while the rich ornamental lighting design enhances the fun of aquarium farming, providing users with convenient and efficient aquarium farming solutions.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent fish tank; Environmental parameter regulation; Remote control; WiFi communication
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 水质检测模块电路设计
3.5 光照检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.9 舵机控制模块电路设计
3.10 RGB 灯模块电路设计
3.11 报警模块电路设计
3.12 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 水温检测模块子流程
4.5 水质检测模块子流程设计
4.6 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示流程设计
4.8 舵机子流程设计
4.9 RGB灯模块子流程设计
4.10 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数检测与显示功能测试
5.3 水温自动调控功能测试
5.4 水质报警与换水功能测试
5.5 光照补光与 RGB 灯效果测试
5.6 自动投喂与阈值设置功能测试
5.7 WiFi 远程控制与数据上传功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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