设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着工业自动化、教学实验及小型生产场景的发展，小球类物体的精准分拣需求日益增长。传统人工分拣方式依赖肉眼判断颜色与手动操作，不仅效率低下，还易因视觉疲劳导致分类失误，难以满足批量作业与精准分拣的需求，因此研发一种自动识别颜色并完成分拣动作的系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的颜色识别及分拣系统。系统主要功能包括：通过红外避障模块检测是否存在小球；借助 TCS3472 颜色检测模块识别小球颜色（可精准识别黑、红、绿、蓝四种颜色）；当识别出颜色后，通过 CN-TTS 语音播报模块播报颜色信息，并通过 ULN2003A 芯片驱动步进电机转动对应角度（黑色转动 45 度、红色转动 90 度、绿色转动 135 度、蓝色转动 180 度，且未检测到小球后电机自动回位）；通过 LCD1602 显示模块实时显示识别到的颜色及步进电机转动角度。
该颜色识别及分拣系统的作用在于，为小球分拣场景提供了自动化解决方案。通过自动检测、颜色识别、语音反馈与电机联动，有效替代人工操作，提升分拣效率与准确性，同时降低操作门槛，适配教学、小型生产等多场景需求，为相关场景的自动化升级提供支持。
关键词：STC89C52；颜色识别；小球分拣；步进电机控制；语音播报
Abstract
With the development of industrial automation, teaching experiments, and small-scale production scenarios, the demand for precise sorting of small ball objects is increasing day by day. The traditional manual sorting method relies on visual judgment of color and manual operation, which is not only inefficient but also prone to classification errors due to visual fatigue, making it difficult to meet the needs of batch operations and precise sorting. Therefore, developing a system that automatically recognizes colors and completes sorting actions has important practical significance.
This design proposes a color recognition and sorting system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the presence of small balls through an infrared obstacle avoidance module; Using the TCS3472 color detection module to identify the color of the ball (accurately recognizing four colors: black, red, green, and blue); After recognizing the color, the color information is broadcasted through the CN-TTS voice broadcast module, and the ULN2003A chip is used to drive the stepper motor to rotate the corresponding angle (black rotation 45 degrees, red rotation 90 degrees, green rotation 135 degrees, blue rotation 180 degrees, and the motor automatically returns to its original position when no ball is detected); Real time display of recognized colors and stepper motor rotation angles through the LCD1602 display module.
The purpose of this color recognition and sorting system is to provide an automated solution for small ball sorting scenarios. Through automatic detection, color recognition, voice feedback, and motor linkage, it effectively replaces manual operation, improves sorting efficiency and accuracy, reduces operational barriers, adapts to multi scenario needs such as teaching and small-scale production, and provides support for the automation upgrade of related scenarios.
Keywords：STC89C52; Color recognition; Small ball sorting; Stepper motor control; voice broadcast
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 小球检测模块电路设计
3.4 颜色检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 语音播报模块电路设计
3.7 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.4 颜色模块子流程设计
4.5 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.6 步进电机子流程
4.7 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 小球检测与颜色识别及显示功能测试
5.3 语音播报功能测试
5.4 步进电机控制功能测试
5.5 系统综合功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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