设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
在日常生活与小型工业场景中，环境湿度的稳定控制对物品存储、设备运行及人体舒适度至关重要。若湿度过低，易导致物品干裂、静电滋生；湿度过高，则可能引发霉菌滋生、设备受潮损坏，尤其在小型存储柜、实验室局部区域等场景，对湿度的精准调节需求更为迫切。传统湿度控制设备多存在操作复杂、调节滞后、缺乏状态监测等问题，难以满足小型场景下便捷、精准的湿度管理需求，因此研发一款低成本、易操作且具备自动调节与状态反馈功能的小型湿度控制设备（基于小型制冷器设计框架）十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的小型制冷器（核心聚焦湿度控制功能）。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 湿度检测模块实时采集环境湿度值，当湿度低于预设最小值时，单片机控制继电器启动雾化器进行加湿；当湿度高于预设最大值时，控制继电器启动风扇进行除湿；若湿度超出设定区间，声光报警模块立即触发提醒，用户可通过按键取消报警；通过触发型 YW01 液位检测模块监测加湿器水位，若检测到缺水，立即停止加湿并触发声光报警；支持通过按键设置湿度上下限阈值，阈值存储于 AT24C02 存储模块中，实现掉电数据保存；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示当前湿度值与加湿器水位状态（“有水”/“缺水”）；此外，系统通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块将湿度数据、水位状态远程发送至手机端，手机端可远程控制雾化器启停，实现加湿功能的远程操控。
该小型制冷器（湿度控制核心）的作用在于，为小型场景提供了便捷、精准的湿度自动调节方案。通过实时监测与自动加湿 / 除湿，有效维持环境湿度稳定；缺水报警与超阈值报警功能保障设备安全运行；本地按键操作与远程蓝牙控制结合，提升使用灵活性；掉电保存阈值功能避免重复设置，降低操作门槛，最终为物品存储、局部环境管理提供可靠保障，提升场景使用舒适度与设备安全性。
关键词：STC89C52；小型制冷器；湿度控制；DHT11；蓝牙远程控制
Design and Implementation of a Small Refrigerator Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
In daily life and small industrial scenarios, stable control of environmental humidity is crucial for item storage, equipment operation, and human comfort. If the humidity is too low, it is easy to cause items to dry and crack, and static electricity to breed; If the humidity is too high, it may cause mold growth and equipment damage due to moisture, especially in small storage cabinets, laboratory areas, and other scenarios where precise humidity regulation is more urgent. Traditional humidity control equipment often has problems such as complex operation, lagging adjustment, and lack of status monitoring, which make it difficult to meet the convenient and accurate humidity management needs in small scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost, easy to operate, and small humidity control equipment with automatic adjustment and status feedback functions (based on the design framework of small refrigerators).
This design proposes a small refrigerator based on STC89C52 microcontroller (with a core focus on humidity control function). The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of environmental humidity values through the DHT11 humidity detection module. When the humidity is below the preset minimum value, the microcontroller controls the relay to activate the atomizer for humidification; When the humidity exceeds the preset maximum value, control the relay to start the fan for dehumidification; If the humidity exceeds the set range, the sound and light alarm module will immediately trigger a reminder, and the user can cancel the alarm by pressing the button; Monitor the water level of the humidifier through the triggered YW01 liquid level detection module. If water shortage is detected, immediately stop humidifying and trigger an audible and visual alarm; Support setting humidity upper and lower threshold values through buttons, which are stored in the AT24C02 storage module to save power failure data; Real time display of current humidity value and humidifier water level status (“with water”/”without water”) through LCD1602 display screen; In addition, the system remotely sends humidity data and water level status to the mobile phone through the ECBO2 Bluetooth module. The mobile phone can remotely control the start and stop of the atomizer, achieving remote control of the humidification function.
The function of this small refrigerator (humidity control core) is to provide a convenient and accurate automatic humidity adjustment solution for small scenes. Effectively maintain stable environmental humidity through real-time monitoring and automatic humidification/dehumidification; The functions of water shortage alarm and over threshold alarm ensure the safe operation of equipment; Combining local button operation with remote Bluetooth control to enhance user flexibility; The power-off saving threshold function avoids duplicate settings, reduces operational barriers, and ultimately provides reliable guarantees for item storage and local environment management, improving the comfort of scene use and equipment safety.
Keywords：STC89C52; Small refrigerators; Humidity control; DHT11； bluetooth remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境与状态检测模块电路设计
3.4 执行器驱动模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 存储模块电路设计
3.9 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程环境介绍
4.2 主程序流程图设计
4.3 按键模块流程设计
4.4 温湿度模块子流程设计
4.5 液位检测模块子流程设计
4.6 存储模块子流程设计
4.7 显示模块子流程设计
4.8 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 湿度检测与自动调节功能测试
5.3 液位监测与缺水保护功能测试
5.4 阈值设置与掉电保存功能测试
5.5 蓝牙通信与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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