设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着居民生活品质提升，室内装修成为改善居住环境的重要环节，但装修后易出现温湿度失衡、有害气体（如甲醛、苯）残留、PM2.5 浓度超标的问题，这些隐患若长期未被监测与干预，可能引发呼吸道疾病、过敏反应等健康风险，尤其对老人、儿童等敏感人群危害更大。当前多数家庭依赖人工检测（如手持检测仪），存在检测间隔长、数据不连续、异常预警滞后的问题，难以实时掌握装修后室内环境安全状态，因此研发一款能持续监测、自动报警、数据可视化的室内装修环境监测系统，具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的室内装修环境监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度传感器实时采集室内温湿度，当检测值超出预设上下限时，触发声光报警，并通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块向手机端发送 “温度过高”“温度过低”“湿度过高”“湿度过低” 的对应提示信息；借助 MQ-135 有害气体传感器检测室内有害气体浓度，当数值大于预设最大值时，启动声光报警，同时蓝牙发送 “有害气体浓度过高” 提示；通过 GP2Y1014AU 传感器检测 PM2.5 浓度，浓度超限时触发声光报警与 “PM2.5 浓度过高” 的蓝牙提示；支持通过按键本地设置温湿度、有害气体、PM2.5 的监测阈值；通过 LCD12864 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据（温湿度、有害气体浓度、PM2.5 浓度）与阈值；ECBO2 蓝牙模块持续将所有监测数据上传至手机端，方便用户远程查看环境状态。
该室内装修环境监测系统的作用在于，为装修后家庭提供了全方位、实时化的环境安全监测工具。通过多参数同步监测与自动报警，帮助用户及时发现装修环境中的健康隐患，便于采取通风、净化等干预措施；本地显示与远程数据查看结合，满足用户实时掌握环境状态的需求，有效降低装修污染对人体健康的影响，为营造安全、健康的室内居住环境提供保障。
关键词：STC89C52；室内装修环境监测；多参数检测；声光报警；蓝牙远程传输
Design of Indoor Decoration Environment Monitoring System
Abstract
With the improvement of residents’ quality of life, indoor decoration has become an important part of improving the living environment. However, after decoration, problems such as temperature and humidity imbalance, residual harmful gases (such as formaldehyde and benzene), and excessive PM2.5 concentration may occur. If these hidden dangers are not monitored and intervened for a long time, they may cause health risks such as respiratory diseases and allergic reactions, especially for sensitive groups such as the elderly and children. Currently, most households rely on manual detection (such as handheld detectors), which has problems such as long detection intervals, discontinuous data, and delayed abnormal warnings, making it difficult to grasp the real-time safety status of the indoor environment after decoration. Therefore, developing an indoor decoration environment monitoring system that can continuously monitor, automatically alarm, and visualize data has important practical significance.
This design proposes an indoor decoration environment monitoring system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of indoor temperature and humidity through DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors. When the detection value exceeds the preset upper and lower limits, an audible and visual alarm is triggered, and corresponding prompt messages of “high temperature”, “low temperature”, “high humidity” and “low humidity” are sent to the mobile phone through the ECBO2 Bluetooth module; Using MQ-135 harmful gas sensor to detect indoor harmful gas concentration, when the value is greater than the preset maximum value, sound and light alarm will be activated, and Bluetooth will send a “harmful gas concentration too high” prompt; Detecting PM2.5 concentration through GP2Y1014AU sensor, triggering sound and light alarm and Bluetooth prompt of “PM2.5 concentration too high” when the concentration exceeds the limit; Support setting monitoring thresholds for temperature, humidity, harmful gases, and PM2.5 locally through buttons; Real time display of various monitoring data (temperature and humidity, harmful gas concentration, PM2.5 concentration) and thresholds through the LCD12864 display screen; The ECBO2 Bluetooth module continuously uploads all monitoring data to the mobile phone, making it convenient for users to remotely view the environmental status.
The function of this indoor decoration environment monitoring system is to provide a comprehensive and real-time environmental safety monitoring tool for households after decoration. Through multi parameter synchronous monitoring and automatic alarm, it helps users discover health hazards in the decoration environment in a timely manner, facilitating intervention measures such as ventilation and purification; The combination of local display and remote data viewing meets the needs of users to real-time grasp the environmental status, effectively reducing the impact of decoration pollution on human health, and providing guarantees for creating a safe and healthy indoor living environment.
Keywords： STC89C52; Indoor decoration environment monitoring; Multi parameter detection; Sound and light alarm; Bluetooth remote transmission
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境检测模块电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
3.7 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5蓝牙模块子流程
4.2 LCD12864显示屏子流程设计
4.7 GP2Y10模块子流通
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数检测与显示功能测试
5.3 异常报警功能测试
5.4 阈值设置功能测试
5.5 蓝牙数据传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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