设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着生活节奏的加快和家庭对清洁效率与卫生标准要求的提升，传统人工洗碗方式存在清洁不彻底、耗时费力、水温与洗涤剂用量难以把控等问题，且难以实现烘干、消毒一体化处理，难以满足现代家庭便捷化、健康化的生活需求。因此，研发一款能自动完成清洗流程、精准控制参数且兼具烘干消毒功能的智能洗碗机，对提升家庭生活效率、保障饮食卫生具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能洗碗机。系统核心功能包括：通过 6 个继电器模拟完整清洗流程，依次实现加水、3 秒加洗涤剂、水温加热、10 秒清洗、排水、二次加水、10 秒二次清洗、排水、加热烘干、5 秒消毒，流程结束后蜂鸣器报警 3 次；借助 HX711 称重模块检测待清洗餐具重量，根据重量自动调节加水量；通过防水式 DS18B20 检测水温，第一次清洗时将水温加热至预设最大值后停止加热，第二次清洗加热至预设最小值，且仅当水温超过设置最大值时才停止加热；利用 TSW-30 浑浊度检测模块监测水质，若浑浊度大于预设最大值则重新开启清洗；用户可通过按键设置各参数阈值、控制洗碗机启停或直接结束清洗流程；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示餐具重量、水温、浑浊度等测量值及当前清洗状态。
该智能洗碗机的作用在于，为家庭提供了一套自动化、精准化的餐具清洁解决方案。通过根据餐具重量与水质自动调节清洗参数，保障清洗效果的同时减少水资源与洗涤剂浪费；烘干消毒功能进一步提升餐具卫生标准，降低细菌滋生风险；直观的显示与便捷的按键操作，让用户轻松掌控清洗过程。其智能化设计不仅减轻了家庭劳动负担，也为提升家庭生活品质与卫生水平提供了可靠支撑。
关键词：智能洗碗机；STC89C52；HX711 称重；DS18B20 水温检测
Design of Intelligent Dishwasher Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the acceleration of the pace of life and the increasing demand for cleaning efficiency and hygiene standards in households, traditional manual dishwashing methods have problems such as incomplete cleaning, time-consuming and laborious cleaning, difficulty in controlling water temperature and detergent dosage, and difficulty in achieving integrated drying and disinfection treatment, which cannot meet the convenient and healthy living needs of modern families. Therefore, developing an intelligent dishwasher that can automatically complete the cleaning process, accurately control parameters, and also has drying and disinfection functions is of great significance for improving household efficiency and ensuring food hygiene.
This design proposes an intelligent dishwasher based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: simulating the complete cleaning process through 6 relays, sequentially adding water, adding detergent in 3 seconds, heating the water temperature, cleaning in 10 seconds, draining, adding water again, cleaning in 10 seconds, draining, heating and drying, and disinfecting in 5 seconds. After the process is completed, the buzzer will sound an alarm 3 times; Use the HX711 weighing module to detect the weight of the tableware to be cleaned, and automatically adjust the amount of water added based on the weight; Detect water temperature through waterproof DS18B20. During the first cleaning, heat the water temperature to the preset maximum value and stop heating. During the second cleaning, heat it to the preset minimum value, and only stop heating when the water temperature exceeds the set maximum value; Use the TSW-30 turbidity detection module to monitor water quality. If the turbidity is greater than the preset maximum value, restart the cleaning process; Users can set the threshold values for various parameters, control the start and stop of the dishwasher, or directly end the cleaning process through buttons; Real time display of tableware weight, water temperature, turbidity, and current cleaning status through the LCD1602 display screen.
The function of this intelligent dishwasher is to provide a set of automated and precise tableware cleaning solutions for households. By automatically adjusting the cleaning parameters based on the weight and water quality of the tableware, the cleaning effect is ensured while reducing the waste of water resources and detergents; The drying and disinfection function further improves the hygiene standards of tableware and reduces the risk of bacterial growth; The intuitive display and convenient button operation allow users to easily control the cleaning process. Its intelligent design not only reduces the burden of household labor, but also provides reliable support for improving the quality of family life and hygiene level.
Keywords：intelligent dishwasher; STC89C52； Weighing HX711; DS18B20 water temperature detection.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 称重模块电路设计
3.4 水温检测模块电路设计
3.5 浑浊度检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.9 蜂鸣器报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 自动清洗流程功能测试
5.3 称重与水量调节功能测试
5.4 水温控制功能测试
5.5 浑浊度检测与二次清洗功能测试
5.6 按键控制与显示功能测试
5.7 蜂鸣器报警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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