设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
随着电动车成为城市短途出行的主流工具，骑行过程中的安全防护与舒适体验需求日益凸显。强光照射易导致视觉干扰，超速行驶增加事故风险，而传统头盔仅具备基础防护功能，无法应对光照调节、速度预警、紧急定位等多样化需求，若骑行中发生撞击事故，也难以快速传递位置信息，可能延误救援时机。因此，研发一款集成安全预警、环境适配、智能交互与紧急救援功能的电动车智能头盔，对提升骑行安全性与舒适性具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的电动车智能头盔。系统核心功能包括：通过 5516 光照检测模块监测周围环境光照强度，当光照较强时，自动通过 ULN2003A 驱动步进电机控制遮光板打开，减少强光干扰；借助 KY-003 霍尔传感器检测车辆速度，若速度超过预设最大值，立即触发声光报警提醒；通过 SU-03T 语音识别模块搭配 MP3-DFPlayer Mini 实现音乐播放功能，支持语音控制音量加、音量减及上一首 / 下一首切换；利用 ATGM332D-5N GPS 模块获取当前定位信息；通过 SW-420 震动模块监测头盔撞击情况，一旦检测到撞击，立即通过 ESP8266-12F WiFi 模块连接阿里云，将定位信息发送至手机，同时手机端可实时显示骑行总行程与平均速度等数据。
该电动车智能头盔的作用在于，为骑行者提供一站式的安全防护与智能交互解决方案。通过光照自适应调节与超速预警，降低骑行安全隐患；音乐播放与语音控制功能提升骑行舒适度；撞击后自动定位上报与骑行数据统计，既保障紧急情况下的救援效率，也为骑行者提供数据化出行参考。其智能化设计有效弥补了传统头盔功能单一的不足，为电动车骑行安全与体验升级提供了可靠支撑。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；电动车智能头盔；光照调节；速度预警；GPS 定位；撞击报警
Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Helmet for Electric Vehicles Based on STM32
Abstract
With electric vehicles becoming the mainstream tool for short distance urban travel, the demand for safety protection and comfort experience during cycling is becoming increasingly prominent. Strong light exposure can easily cause visual interference, and speeding increases the risk of accidents. Traditional helmets only have basic protective functions and cannot meet the diverse needs of light adjustment, speed warning, emergency positioning, etc. If a collision accident occurs during cycling, it is also difficult to quickly transmit location information, which may delay the rescue opportunity. Therefore, developing an electric vehicle intelligent helmet that integrates safety warning, environmental adaptation, intelligent interaction, and emergency rescue functions is of great significance for improving riding safety and comfort.
This design proposes an intelligent helmet for electric vehicles based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: monitoring the ambient light intensity through the 5516 light detection module. When the light is strong, the ULN2003A drives the stepper motor to automatically control the light blocking plate to open, reducing strong light interference; Using KY-003 Hall sensor to detect vehicle speed, if the speed exceeds the preset maximum value, immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm reminder; Using SU-03T speech recognition module combined with MP3-DFPlayer Mini to achieve music playback function, supporting voice control of volume increase, decrease, and switching between previous and next songs; Use ATGM332D-5N GPS module to obtain current positioning information; Monitor helmet impact through the SW-420 vibration module. Once an impact is detected, immediately connect to Alibaba Cloud through the ESP8266-12F WiFi module and send location information to the mobile phone. At the same time, the mobile phone can display real-time data such as the total riding distance and average speed.
The function of this electric vehicle intelligent helmet is to provide riders with a one-stop safety protection and intelligent interaction solution. Reduce riding safety hazards through adaptive lighting adjustment and overspeed warning; Music playback and voice control functions enhance riding comfort; Automatic positioning reporting and cycling data statistics after impact not only ensure rescue efficiency in emergency situations, but also provide data-driven travel references for cyclists. Its intelligent design effectively compensates for the shortcomings of traditional helmets with single functions, providing reliable support for the safety and experience upgrade of electric vehicle riding.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Electric vehicle intelligent helmet; Light regulation; Speed warning; GPS positioning; Impact alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 光照检测与遮光控制模块电路设计
3.4 速度检测与声光报警模块电路设计
3.5 语音识别与音乐控制模块电路设计
3.6 GPS 定位模块电路设计
3.7 震动检测与数据传输模块电路设计
3.9 直流电机驱动模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 步进电机子流程
4.5 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.6 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.7 霍尔模块子流程设计
4.8 语音识别模块子流程设计
4.9 MP3音乐播放模块子流程设计
4.10 GPS模块子流程设计
4.11 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 光照检测与遮光板控制功能测试
5.3 速度监测与声光报警功能测试
5.4 语音控制与音乐播放功能测试
5.5 GPS 定位、震动监测与数据传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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