设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着城市机动车保有量的持续增长，停车场的车流量管控与收费管理面临效率与准确性的双重挑战。传统人工收费模式存在计费误差大、车辆通行效率低、超重车辆管控难等问题，不仅影响用户停车体验，还可能因管理漏洞造成运营损失，因此，研发一种自动化、智能化的停车场收费系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的停车场收费系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 HX711 模块对入场车辆进行称重，若检测到车辆重量超过预设超重值，则禁止入场并触发声光报警；车辆第一次入场时，通过 RFID-RC522 模块刷卡验证，验证通过后由 ULN2003A 驱动步进电机自动抬杆，车辆通过并触发分离式红外开关模块后，栏杆自动落下；车辆离场时，再次刷卡并完成缴费后，可手动抬杆，车辆通过触发红外开关后栏杆自动闭合；刷卡入场后系统自动启动时间计费，设定前半小时为免费时段，超出后按每半小时 5 元标准计费（采用秒模拟分钟、分钟模拟小时的计时方式），若车辆停留时间过长超出预设报警总时长，系统将报警提示值班人员进行排查；通过按键可完成超重值、计费单价、报警总时长等参数的设置，同时支持手动控制栏杆抬升与落下；借助 OLED 显示屏实时显示当前时间、车辆停车总时长及应缴总费用；通过 RTC 模块获取当前时间，支持通过按键修正时间；利用 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块将车辆停车总时长与费用数据同步至手机端，方便用户查看。
该停车场收费系统的作用在于，实现了停车场管理的自动化与智能化，有效提升了车辆通行效率，减少了人工计费误差，同时通过超重管控与超时报警功能保障了停车场运营安全与秩序，为用户提供了便捷、透明的停车缴费体验，也为停车场运营方降低了管理成本，提升了管理水平。
关键词：单片机；停车场收费系统；称重管控；RFID 刷卡；计时计费
Abstract
With the continuous growth of urban motor vehicle ownership, the traffic control and toll management of parking lots face dual challenges of efficiency and accuracy. The traditional manual toll collection model has problems such as large billing errors, low vehicle traffic efficiency, and difficult control of overweight vehicles, which not only affect the user’s parking experience, but may also cause operational losses due to management loopholes. Therefore, developing an automated and intelligent parking lot toll collection system is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a parking lot toll collection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: weighing incoming vehicles through the HX711 module. If the vehicle weight exceeds the preset overweight value, entry is prohibited and an audible and visual alarm is triggered; When the vehicle enters for the first time, it passes the RFID-RC522 module card swiping verification. After verification, the ULN2003A drives the stepper motor to automatically lift the pole. After the vehicle passes and triggers the separated infrared switch module, the railing automatically falls down; When the vehicle leaves, swipe the card again and complete the payment. The pole can be manually lifted, and the railing will automatically close when the vehicle triggers the infrared switch; After swiping the card to enter the venue, the system automatically starts time billing. The first half hour is set as a free time period, and if it exceeds it, it will be charged at a rate of 5 yuan per half hour (using a second simulation minute and minute simulation hour timing method). If the vehicle stays for too long and exceeds the preset alarm total time, the system will alert the on duty personnel to investigate; Parameters such as overweight value, billing unit price, and total alarm duration can be set through buttons, and manual control of railing lifting and lowering is also supported; Real time display of current time, total parking time, and total fees payable using OLED display screens; Obtain the current time through the RTC module and support time correction through buttons; Use ESP8266-12F WIFI module to synchronize the total parking time and cost data of the vehicle to the mobile phone for easy viewing by users.
The function of this parking lot charging system is to achieve automation and intelligence in parking lot management, effectively improve vehicle traffic efficiency, reduce manual billing errors, and ensure the safety and order of parking lot operation through overweight control and timeout alarm functions. It provides users with a convenient and transparent parking payment experience, reduces management costs for parking lot operators, and improves management level.
Keywords：microcontroller; Parking fee system; Weighing control; RFID card swiping; Time Billing.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 称重模块电路设计
3.4 刷卡模块电路设计
3.5 栏杆驱动模块电路设计
3.6 红外检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 无线通信模块电路设计
3.10 时钟模块电路设计
3.11 按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 称重模块HX711模块子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 步进电机子流程
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 称重检测与超重报警功能测试
5.3 刷卡进出与栏杆控制功能测试
5.4 计时计费与超时报警功能测试
5.5 按键设置与时间修正功能测试
5.6 OLED 显示功能测试
5.7 WIFI 数据同步功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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