设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着农业现代化进程的加快，桑基鱼塘作为传统生态农业模式的典型代表，其养殖环境的精准管控对提升产量、保障生态平衡至关重要。水温、水质浑浊度、空气温湿度及 CO₂浓度等环境参数，直接影响鱼类生长状态与塘内生态循环，若这些参数异常时不能及时监测与调控，易导致鱼类存活率下降、养殖效益受损，甚至破坏生态平衡。因此，研发一套能实时、准确监测桑基鱼塘关键环境参数的智能化系统，成为推动桑基鱼塘产业现代化发展的关键需求。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的现代化桑基鱼塘监控系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 传感器检测桑基鱼塘周边空气的温度与湿度，掌握环境气候条件；借助 SGP30 传感器实时采集空气中的 CO₂浓度，评估塘内生态呼吸循环状态；通过 TSW-30 浑浊度检测模块监测鱼塘水体的浑浊度，判断水质清洁程度；利用防水式 DS18B20 传感器测量鱼塘水体温度，掌握鱼类生长关键环境指标；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示空气温湿度、CO₂浓度、水体温度及浑浊度等所有测量数据，方便现场人员直观查看；依托 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块将所有测量数据远程发送至用户手机端，实现随时随地的环境状态监控。
该桑基鱼塘监控系统的作用在于，为养殖人员提供了一套便捷、高效的环境监测工具。通过实时监测与远程数据同步，养殖人员可及时掌握鱼塘环境变化，提前发现异常并采取调控措施，保障鱼类健康生长，提升养殖效益；同时，精准的环境数据为桑基鱼塘的生态平衡管理提供可靠依据，助力传统桑基鱼塘模式向现代化、智能化养殖转型，推动生态农业可持续发展。
关键词：单片机；桑基鱼塘监控系统；环境参数检测；WIFI 数据传输
Design and Implementation of Modern Mulberry Pond Monitoring System Based on STM32
Abstract
With the acceleration of agricultural modernization, as a typical representative of traditional ecological agriculture models, the precise control of the breeding environment in mulberry based fish ponds is crucial for improving yield and ensuring ecological balance. Environmental parameters such as water temperature, water turbidity, air temperature and humidity, and CO ₂ concentration directly affect the growth status of fish and the ecological cycle in the pond. If these parameters are not monitored and regulated in a timely manner, it can easily lead to a decrease in fish survival rate, damage to aquaculture efficiency, and even disrupt ecological balance. Therefore, developing an intelligent system that can monitor key environmental parameters of mulberry based fish ponds in real time and accurately has become a key requirement for promoting the modernization of the mulberry based fish pond industry.
This design proposes a modern mulberry pond monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: detecting the temperature and humidity of the air around the mulberry pond through DHT11 sensors, and understanding the environmental climate conditions; Real time collection of CO ₂ concentration in the air using SGP30 sensor to evaluate the ecological respiration cycle status in the pond; Monitor the turbidity of fish pond water using TSW-30 turbidity detection module to determine the cleanliness of water quality; Using waterproof DS18B20 sensor to measure the temperature of fish pond water and grasp key environmental indicators for fish growth; Real time display of all measurement data such as air temperature and humidity, CO ₂ concentration, water temperature, and turbidity through OLED display screen, making it convenient for on-site personnel to visually view; Relying on the ESP8266-12F WIFI module, all measurement data is remotely sent to the user’s mobile phone, enabling real-time monitoring of environmental conditions anytime and anywhere.
The function of the Sangji fish pond monitoring system is to provide a convenient and efficient environmental monitoring tool for aquaculture personnel. By real-time monitoring and remote data synchronization, aquaculture personnel can timely grasp changes in the fish pond environment, detect abnormalities in advance, and take control measures to ensure the healthy growth of fish and improve aquaculture efficiency; At the same time, accurate environmental data provides reliable basis for the ecological balance management of mulberry based fish ponds, helping traditional mulberry based fish pond models transform into modern and intelligent aquaculture, and promoting the sustainable development of ecological agriculture.
Keywords：microcontroller; Sangji fish pond monitoring system; Environmental parameter detection; WIFI data transmission
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 CO₂浓度检测模块电路设计
3.5 浑浊度检测模块电路设计
3.6 水体温度检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 无线通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 浑浊度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测功能测试
5.3 CO₂浓度检测功能测试
5.4 浑浊度检测功能测试
5.5 水体温度检测功能测试
5.6 OLED 显示功能测试
5.7 WIFI 数据同步功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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