设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
在人员密集场所（如商场、学校、办公楼）的日常管理中，人员数量管控与健康监测是保障公共安全的重要环节。若场所内人数超出承载上限，易引发拥挤、踩踏等安全事故；若人员体温异常未及时发现，可能导致传染病传播，这些问题若不能快速响应与干预，将给公共安全与人员健康带来极大隐患。因此，研发一款能实时统计人数、检测体温并具备异常预警功能的人流量计测温系统，成为提升场所管理效率与安全性的关键需求。
本设计提出一种基于 STC12C5A60S2 单片机的人流量计测温系统。系统核心功能包括：通过一对对射式红外计数管实时统计场所内人数，当人数超过预设最大值时，蜂鸣器报警、LED 红灯闪烁，同时通过 CN-TTS 语音模块提醒 “人数已满”，并借助 GSM（SIM900A）模块向管理员手机发送 “人数已满” 短信；通过红外避障管触发检测流程，再由 MLX90614 非接触人体测温模块测量人体体温，当体温超过预设最大值时，蜂鸣器报警、LED 黄灯闪烁，CN-TTS 语音模块提醒 “体温过高”，GSM 模块同步将具体温度值及 “体温过高” 提示信息发送至管理员手机端；通过按键可灵活设置人数上限、体温上限等阈值；借助 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示当前人数、测量体温及各项预设阈值，方便管理人员直观掌握现场情况。
该人流量计测温系统的作用在于，为场所管理人员提供了一套集人数管控、体温监测、异常预警于一体的便捷工具。通过实时统计与测温、多方式异常报警及远程信息同步，能帮助管理人员快速发现安全与健康隐患，及时采取限流、隔离等措施，有效保障场所公共安全，降低事故与疾病传播风险，提升管理效率与智能化水平。
关键词：单片机；人流量计测温系统；人数统计；非接触体温测量；异常预警
Design of Human Flow Meter Temperature Measurement Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
In the daily management of densely populated places such as shopping malls, schools, and office buildings, personnel quantity control and health monitoring are important links to ensure public safety. If the number of people in the venue exceeds the carrying capacity limit, it is easy to cause safety accidents such as crowding and trampling; If abnormal body temperature is not detected in a timely manner, it may lead to the spread of infectious diseases. If these issues cannot be responded to and intervened quickly, they will pose great risks to public safety and personnel health. Therefore, developing a human flow meter temperature measurement system that can real-time count the number of people, detect body temperature, and have abnormal warning functions has become a key requirement for improving the efficiency and safety of venue management.
This design proposes a human flow meter temperature measurement system based on STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time counting of the number of people in the venue through a pair of paired infrared counter tubes. When the number of people exceeds the preset maximum value, the buzzer will sound an alarm, the LED red light will flash, and the CN-TTS voice module will remind the administrator that “the number of people is full”. With the help of the GSM (SIM900A) module, a “full number of people” SMS will be sent to the administrator’s mobile phone; By triggering the detection process through an infrared obstacle avoidance tube, the MLX90614 non-contact human body temperature measurement module measures the body temperature. When the body temperature exceeds the preset maximum value, the buzzer will sound an alarm, the LED yellow light will flash, and the CN-TTS voice module will remind “high body temperature”. The GSM module will synchronously send the specific temperature value and “high body temperature” prompt information to the administrator’s mobile phone; The upper limit of the number of people and the upper limit of body temperature can be flexibly set through buttons; With the help of the LCD1602 display screen, the current number of people, measured body temperature, and various preset thresholds are displayed in real time, making it convenient for management personnel to intuitively grasp the on-site situation.
The function of the flowmeter temperature measurement system is to provide a convenient tool for venue management personnel that integrates crowd control, temperature monitoring, and abnormal warning. Through real-time statistics and temperature measurement, multiple abnormal alarms, and remote information synchronization, it can help management personnel quickly identify safety and health hazards, take timely measures such as flow restriction and isolation, effectively ensure public safety in the venue, reduce the risk of accidents and disease transmission, and improve management efficiency and intelligence level.
Keywords：microcontroller; Human flow meter temperature measurement system; Number statistics; Non contact temperature measurement; abnormal warning.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 人数统计模块电路设计
3.4 体温检测与触发模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 报警与提醒模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.5 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.6 红外测温模块子流程设计
4.7 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.8 发送短信子流程设计
5 仿真绘制与功能测试
5.1 仿真绘制
5.2 人数统计功能仿真测试
5.3 体温检测与触发功能仿真测试
5.4 阈值设置功能仿真测试
5.5 LCD1602 显示功能仿真测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 人数统计功能测试
6.3 体温检测与触发功能测试
6.4 阈值设置功能测试
6.5 LCD1602 显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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