设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
在现代家居与办公场景中，照明系统的便捷性、节能性与智能化已成为提升生活品质与空间管理效率的核心需求。传统照明依赖手动开关控制，易出现 “人走灯未关” 导致的能源浪费，或 “夜间起夜需摸黑找开关” 的使用不便；部分定时照明虽能固定开关时间，却无法根据人员活动灵活调整，且交互方式单一，难以适配老人、儿童等不同人群的使用习惯。尤其在家庭、会议室、走廊等场景，对 “按需照明” 与 “多元控制” 的需求日益突出，因此研发一款兼顾定时管理、人体感应与多交互方式的室内智能照明系统，具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的室内智能照明系统。系统核心功能包括：通过单片机内部 RTC（实时时钟）模块精准获取当前时间，用户可通过按键修正时间偏差，确保时间基准准确；支持通过按键预设允许开灯与关灯时段（如家庭场景设置 18:00-23:00 为允许开灯时间），实现照明的定时自动化管理；具备自动与手动两种控制模式，可通过按键灵活切换 —— 自动模式下，在预设允许开灯时间内，D203S 人体热释电感应模块检测到室内有人时，系统自动控制 LED 灯（模拟照明灯具）开启，无人时延迟关闭以节约能源；手动模式下，用户通过按键直接控制 LED 灯的开关状态，满足即时照明需求；集成 SU-03T 语音识别模块，支持 “打开灯光”“关闭灯光”“切换自动模式” 等语音指令控制，无需手动操作，适配双手忙碌或夜间场景；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示当前时间、允许开关灯时段、当前工作模式及 LED 灯状态，关键信息直观清晰，方便用户查看与参数调整。
该室内智能照明系统的作用在于，为用户提供了一套 “定时 + 感应 + 多元交互” 的智能化照明解决方案。通过自动感应与定时控制结合，有效减少无效照明带来的能源消耗，符合绿色节能理念；该系统不仅优化了室内照明的使用体验，还为智能家居与智能办公的照明场景提供了低成本、高适配性的技术方案，助力构建更高效、更人性化的室内环境。
关键词：单片机；室内智能照明系统；RTC 时间管理；人体热释电感应；语音控制
Indoor intelligent lighting system
Abstract
In modern home and office settings, the convenience, energy efficiency, and intelligence of lighting systems have become core requirements for improving the quality of life and space management efficiency. Traditional lighting relies on manual switch control, which can lead to energy waste caused by “people walking without turning off the lights”, or inconvenience in using “finding the switch in the dark when getting up at night”; Although partial timed lighting can fix the on/off time, it cannot be flexibly adjusted according to personnel activities, and the interaction mode is single, making it difficult to adapt to the usage habits of different groups of people such as the elderly and children. Especially in scenarios such as homes, conference rooms, corridors, etc., the demand for “on-demand lighting” and “multi control” is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, developing an indoor intelligent lighting system that balances timing management, human body sensing, and multiple interaction methods has important practical significance.
This design proposes an indoor intelligent lighting system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: accurately obtaining the current time through the internal RTC (Real Time Clock) module of the microcontroller, and users can correct the time deviation by pressing buttons to ensure the accuracy of the time reference; Support preset time periods for turning on and off lights through buttons (such as setting 18:00-23:00 as the allowed time for turning on lights in home scenes), to achieve automated management of lighting timing; It has two control modes: automatic and manual, which can be flexibly switched through buttons. In automatic mode, when the D203S human body pyroelectric induction module detects someone indoors within the preset allowed light on time, the system automatically controls the LED lights (simulated lighting fixtures) to turn on, and turns off after a delay to save energy; In manual mode, users can directly control the on/off status of LED lights through buttons to meet real-time lighting needs; Integrated SU-03T voice recognition module, supporting voice command control such as “turn on lights”, “turn off lights”, “switch to automatic mode”, without manual operation, suitable for busy hands or night scenes; Real time display of current time, allowed on/off light period, current working mode, and LED light status through OLED display screen, with clear and intuitive key information, making it convenient for users to view and adjust parameters.
The function of this indoor intelligent lighting system is to provide users with an intelligent lighting solution that combines timing, sensing, and multiple interactions. By combining automatic sensing with timed control, the energy consumption caused by ineffective lighting is effectively reduced, which is in line with the concept of green energy conservation; This system not only optimizes the user experience of indoor lighting, but also provides low-cost and highly adaptable technical solutions for lighting scenarios in smart homes and smart offices, helping to build more efficient and user-friendly indoor environments.
Keywords：microcontroller; Indoor intelligent lighting system; RTC time management; Human pyroelectric induction; voice control.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 时间管理与按键模块电路设计
3.4 人体感应模块电路设计
3.5 语音识别模块电路设计
3.6 照明执行模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.5 LED灯亮度调节子流程设计
4.6 语音识别模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 时间管理功能测试
5.3 自动模式控制功能测试
5.4 手动模式与语音控制功能测试
5.5 OLED 显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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