设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着交通运输行业的快速发展，高速公路车流量日益增长，传统收费方式存在效率低、易拥堵等问题，难以满足现代交通高效通行的需求。同时，车辆超载不仅影响道路使用寿命，还极易引发交通安全事故，而收费过程中的精准计费与通行监管也成为提升高速运营管理水平的关键。因此，研发一套集精准称重、高效识别、智能计费与安全监管于一体的高速收费系统具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的 RFID 高速收费系统，系统具备丰富且实用的功能：通过 HX711 模块实现车辆称重，分为小车（1kg 以内）和货车（2kg 以内）两个分区，用户可通过按键选择车辆类型，若检测到车辆超重，系统将立即触发声光报警，禁止车辆上高速；借助 RFID-RC522 模块完成刷卡识别，刷卡成功后，由 SG90 舵机模拟闸门自动抬起，同时搭配分离式红外对管实现防追杆功能，仅当前车完全通过后，闸门才会自动落下；刷卡后系统自动启动时间计费功能，按照小车 1 元 / 分钟、货车 2 元 / 分钟的标准进行计费；若车辆长时间停留在高速收费区域未驶出，系统会触发报警提示值班人员，以便及时排查异常情况；此外，用户可通过按键设置超载值、计费单价、时长等阈值，系统还单独配备一个抬杠控制按键，按下该按键抬杠时，蜂鸣器会同步报警（系统共配备至少 5 个按键）；所有关键数据，如车辆重量、计费金额、通行状态等，均通过 OLED 显示屏实时清晰显示。
该 RFID 高速收费系统的作用在于，有效提升了高速公路收费效率，减少了通行拥堵，同时通过精准称重与超载报警保障了道路交通安全，智能计费与异常报警功能则为高速运营管理提供了有力支持，有助于降低管理成本、提升服务质量，为车主营造更安全、高效的通行环境。
关键词：STM32 单片机；RFID 技术；高速收费系统；HX711 称重；智能计费
RFID high-speed toll collection system based on STM32
Abstract
With the rapid development of the transportation industry, the traffic volume on highways is increasing day by day. Traditional toll collection methods have problems such as low efficiency and easy congestion, which are difficult to meet the needs of efficient modern transportation. At the same time, vehicle overloading not only affects the service life of roads, but also easily leads to traffic safety accidents. Accurate billing and traffic supervision during the toll collection process have become key to improving the level of high-speed operation and management. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a high-speed toll collection system that integrates precise weighing, efficient identification, intelligent billing, and safety supervision.
This design proposes an RFID high-speed toll collection system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The system has rich and practical functions: vehicle weighing is achieved through the HX711 module, divided into two zones: small cars (within 1kg) and trucks (within 2kg). Users can select the vehicle type through buttons. If the vehicle is detected to be overweight, the system will immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm, prohibiting the vehicle from going on the highway; With the help of the RFID-RC522 module, card swiping recognition is completed. After successful card swiping, the SG90 servo simulates the automatic lifting of the gate, and at the same time, it is equipped with a separate infrared tube to achieve the anti chasing rod function. The gate will only automatically fall down after the current vehicle has completely passed through; After swiping the card, the system automatically activates the time billing function, charging according to the standard of 1 yuan/minute for small cars and 2 yuan/minute for trucks; If the vehicle stays in the toll area of the highway for a long time and does not leave, the system will trigger an alarm to prompt the on duty personnel, so as to promptly investigate the abnormal situation; In addition, users can set thresholds such as overload value, billing unit price, and duration through buttons. The system is also equipped with a separate lever control button. When the button is pressed to raise the lever, the buzzer will synchronously sound an alarm (the system is equipped with at least 5 buttons); All key data, such as vehicle weight, billing amount, and traffic status, are displayed in real-time and clearly on OLED screens.
The function of this RFID highway toll collection system is to effectively improve the efficiency of highway toll collection, reduce traffic congestion, and ensure road traffic safety through accurate weighing and overload alarm. The intelligent billing and abnormal alarm functions provide strong support for highway operation management, helping to reduce management costs, improve service quality, and create a safer and more efficient traffic environment for car owners.
Keywords：STM32 microcontroller; RFID technology; High speed toll system; Weighing HX711; Intelligent billing
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 称重模块电路设计
3.4 RFID 识别模块电路设计
3.5 红外检测模块电路设计
3.6 舵机模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.5 RFID模块子流程设计
4.6 称重模块子流程设计
4.7 舵机模块子流通
4.8 OLED显示流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 称重与超载报警功能测试
5.3 RFID 刷卡与舵机控制功能测试
5.4 计时计费功能测试
5.5 超时报警与阈值设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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