设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着养殖业规模化、集约化发展，猪舍环境质量对生猪生长发育、疫病防控及养殖效益的影响愈发显著。温湿度失衡易导致生猪应激反应，氨气、CO₂浓度超标会损害生猪呼吸系统，光照不足则影响生猪采食与生长，这些环境问题若不能及时调控，将严重降低养殖效率，甚至引发大规模疫病。因此，研发一套能实时、精准监测并智能调控猪舍环境的系统，对推动养猪业高质量发展至关重要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机（ARM 架构）的养猪场环境监测系统，系统功能全面且贴合养殖需求：通过 DHT11 温湿度传感器实时采集猪舍温湿度，温度过低时触发加热片（继电器）工作，湿度过低时启动加湿器（继电器），温湿度偏高时驱动风扇（继电器）降温除湿；借助 MQ-135 氨气检测模块监测氨气浓度，浓度超标时控制通风继电器开启通风；通过 SGP30 传感器检测 CO₂浓度，浓度过高时触发通风继电器工作；利用 5516 光照模块采集光照强度，强度不足时打开照明灯（继电器）；工作人员可通过按键灵活设置温湿度、光照、氨气、CO₂的调控阈值；所有监测数据均通过 OLED 显示屏实时清晰显示；同时，系统搭载 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块，能将监测数据同步发送至手机端，用户还可在手机端修改阈值、控制各继电器开关，实现远程管理。
该养猪场环境监测系统的作用在于，为养猪场提供了一套自动化、智能化的环境管理方案。通过实时监测与智能调控，有效维持猪舍环境稳定，减少生猪应激与疫病风险，保障生猪健康生长；远程控制功能降低了人工巡检成本，提升了养殖管理效率，助力养殖企业实现精准化、高效化运营，推动养殖业向智能化转型。
关键词：ARM 架构；养猪场环境监测；STM32 单片机；多参数监测；WIFI 远程控制
ARM based environmental monitoring system for pig farms
Abstract
With the large-scale and intensive development of animal husbandry, the impact of pigsty environmental quality on pig growth and development, disease prevention and control, and breeding efficiency has become increasingly significant. Imbalance of temperature and humidity can easily lead to stress reactions in pigs. Excessive concentrations of ammonia and CO ₂ can damage the respiratory system of pigs, while insufficient light can affect their feeding and growth. If these environmental problems are not regulated in a timely manner, they will seriously reduce breeding efficiency and even cause large-scale diseases. Therefore, developing a system that can monitor and intelligently regulate the pigsty environment in real-time and accurately is crucial for promoting the high-quality development of the pig farming industry.
This design proposes a pig farm environment monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller (ARM architecture). The system has comprehensive functions and meets the needs of breeding: real-time collection of pig house temperature and humidity is achieved through DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors. When the temperature is too low, the heating element (relay) is triggered to work. When the humidity is too low, the humidifier (relay) is activated. When the temperature and humidity are too high, the fan (relay) is driven to cool down and dehumidify; Monitor ammonia concentration with the MQ-135 ammonia detection module, and control the ventilation relay to turn on ventilation when the concentration exceeds the standard; Detecting CO ₂ concentration through SGP30 sensor, triggering the ventilation relay to work when the concentration is too high; Use the 5516 lighting module to collect light intensity, and turn on the lighting (relay) when the intensity is insufficient; Staff can flexibly set the control thresholds for temperature, humidity, light, ammonia, and CO ₂ through buttons; All monitoring data is displayed in real-time and clearly on an OLED screen; At the same time, the system is equipped with ESP8266-12F WIFI module, which can synchronously send monitoring data to the mobile phone. Users can also modify thresholds and control various relay switches on the mobile phone to achieve remote management.
The role of this pig farm environmental monitoring system is to provide an automated and intelligent environmental management solution for the pig farm. By real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation, the stability of the pigsty environment is effectively maintained, reducing stress and disease risks for pigs, and ensuring their healthy growth; The remote control function reduces the cost of manual inspection, improves the efficiency of breeding management, helps breeding enterprises achieve precise and efficient operation, and promotes the transformation of breeding industry towards intelligence.
Keywords：ARM architecture; Environmental monitoring of pig farms; STM32 microcontroller; Multi parameter monitoring; WIFI remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 气体检测模块电路设计
3.5 光照检测模块电路设计
3.6 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 WIFI 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 氨气检测模块子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.9 OLED显示流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测与自动调控功能测试
5.3 气体检测与通风控制功能测试
5.4 光照检测与照明控制功能测试
5.5 阈值设置与 WIFI 远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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