设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着人们生活水平提升与宠物陪伴需求增长，宠物喂养的便捷性、科学性成为养宠人群关注的核心需求。现代生活节奏快，养宠人常因外出、加班等原因无法按时喂食，导致宠物饮食不规律；同时，宠物生活环境的温湿度、清洁度及喂食时的光照条件，也直接影响宠物健康。因此，研发一款能实现定时精准喂食、环境监测与远程管理的宠物喂食器，具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网宠物喂食器，系统功能全面且贴合养宠需求：通过 RTC 内部时钟获取实时时间，支持按键修正，可定时启动粪便清理功能；手机界面可配置最多 5 组喂食时间、使能状态及喂食重量，通过继电器控制喂食流程；喂食时间到时，电机启动出食，HX711 重量检测模块实时监测食物重量，达到设定值后电机停止，同时蜂鸣器报警提醒宠物进食；5516 光照模块检测环境光照，喂食时若光照较低，继电器控制补光设备开启，1 分钟后自动停止；GP2Y1014AU 模块检测喂食器上是否存在粪便，DHT11 模块监测环境温湿度；所有监测数据（时间、重量、光照、温湿度、粪便状态）通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示；借助 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块，监测数据可同步至手机端，用户也能在手机端远程设置喂食时间与重量。
该物联网宠物喂食器的作用在于，为养宠人提供了便捷、智能的宠物喂养解决方案。通过定时精准喂食与远程管理，解决了养宠人无法按时陪伴喂食的问题；环境监测与自动补光、粪便检测功能，能为宠物营造健康舒适的生活环境，助力养宠人科学照料宠物，提升宠物生活质量，同时减轻养宠管理压力。
关键词：物联网；宠物喂食器；STM32 单片机；定时喂食；远程管理
Design of pet feeder based on Internet of Things
Abstract
With the improvement of people’s living standards and the increasing demand for pet companionship, the convenience and scientificity of pet feeding have become the core needs of pet owners. The pace of modern life is fast, and pet owners often cannot feed their pets on time due to reasons such as going out or working overtime, resulting in irregular eating habits; Meanwhile, the temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and lighting conditions during feeding in the living environment of pets also directly affect their health. Therefore, developing a pet feeder that can achieve timed and precise feeding, environmental monitoring, and remote management has important practical significance.
This design proposes an IoT pet feeder based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The system has comprehensive functions and meets the needs of pet care: real-time time is obtained through RTC internal clock, supports button correction, and can start the feces cleaning function at a scheduled time; The mobile interface can be configured with up to 5 feeding times, enable states, and feeding weights, and the feeding process can be controlled through relays; When the feeding time is up, the motor starts feeding, and the HX711 weight detection module monitors the weight of the food in real time. When the set value is reached, the motor stops and the buzzer sounds to remind the pet to eat; The 5516 lighting module detects ambient lighting. If the lighting is low during feeding, the relay controls the supplementary lighting device to turn on and automatically stops after 1 minute; The GP2Y1014AU module detects the presence of feces on the feeder, while the DHT11 module monitors environmental temperature and humidity; All monitoring data (time, weight, lighting, temperature and humidity, fecal status) are displayed in real-time on an OLED screen; With the ESP8266-12F WIFI module, monitoring data can be synchronized to the mobile phone, and users can also remotely set feeding time and weight on the mobile phone.
The role of this IoT pet feeder is to provide pet owners with a convenient and intelligent pet feeding solution. By precise feeding and remote management, the problem of pet owners being unable to accompany them for feeding on time has been solved; Environmental monitoring, automatic lighting, and fecal detection functions can create a healthy and comfortable living environment for pets, help pet owners take care of their pets scientifically, improve their quality of life, and reduce the pressure of pet management.
Keywords：Internet of Things; Pet feeders; STM32 microcontroller; Timed feeding; remote management
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 时间与参数输入模块电路设计
3.4 多参数检测模块电路设计
3.5 执行与报警模块电路设计
3.6 显示与通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 称重模块HX711模块子流程
4.6 OLED显示流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 时间管理与粪便定时清理功能测试
5.3 定时喂食与重量控制功能测试
5.4 环境监测与自动补光功能测试
5.5 WIFI 远程监测与控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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