设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着电力行业、农业种植及机场运营的发展，鸟类活动引发的安全隐患与经济损失问题日益突出。鸟类在输电线路筑巢易导致线路短路跳闸，在农田啄食作物会降低产量，在机场附近活动则可能引发航班起降安全事故。传统驱鸟方式（如人工驱赶、稻草人）存在效率低、持续性差的问题，而依赖市电供电的驱鸟设备又受限于供电范围，难以在偏远区域使用。因此，研发一款无需外接电源、可自动识别并高效驱鸟的智能设备，具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的太阳能智能驱鸟器，系统功能贴合实际驱鸟需求：采用 D203S 红外热释电感应模块实时检测环境中是否有鸟类活动，当检测到鸟类时，触发 DFPlayer Mini MP3 模块播放驱鸟音乐（如猛禽叫声、高频声波），实现自动驱赶；配备独立按键，支持用户手动切换 “驱赶模式” 的启停状态（如非驱鸟时段可关闭功能，避免能源浪费）；通过 OLED 显示屏直观展示当前状态（“有鸟” 或 “无鸟”），便于工作人员查看设备工作情况；供电系统采用太阳能板搭配锂电池的组合，太阳能板白天吸收光能并转化为电能为锂电池充电，锂电池为整个系统（单片机、传感器、MP3 模块等）提供稳定供电，实现无外接电源的持续运行。
该太阳能智能驱鸟器的作用在于，为多场景鸟类防治提供了便捷、环保且可持续的解决方案。通过自动识别与智能驱赶，大幅提升驱鸟效率，减少鸟类活动带来的安全隐患与经济损失；太阳能供电设计打破了市电依赖，可灵活部署于输电线路杆塔、农田、机场周边等偏远区域；同时，手动切换模式的功能兼顾了驱鸟需求与生态保护，避免过度驱赶影响鸟类生存。
关键词：STM32 单片机；太阳能；智能驱鸟器；红外热释电检测；MP3 驱鸟
Solar powered intelligent bird repellent based on STM32 microcontroller
Abstract
With the development of the power industry, agricultural planting, and airport operations, the safety hazards and economic losses caused by bird activities are becoming increasingly prominent. Birds building nests on transmission lines can easily cause short circuits and tripping of the lines, pecking at crops in farmland can reduce yields, and activities near airports may lead to flight takeoff and landing safety accidents. Traditional bird repelling methods, such as manual bird repelling and scarecrows, suffer from low efficiency and poor sustainability, while bird repelling equipment that relies on mains power supply is limited by the power supply range and difficult to use in remote areas. Therefore, developing an intelligent device that does not require an external power supply, can automatically recognize and efficiently drive birds has important practical significance.
This design proposes a solar powered intelligent bird repellent based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The system’s functions are tailored to actual bird repellent needs: it uses the D203S infrared pyroelectric induction module to detect in real-time whether there are bird activities in the environment. When a bird is detected, it triggers the DFPlayer Mini MP3 module to play bird repellent music (such as raptor calls and high-frequency sound waves), achieving automatic bird repellent; Equipped with independent buttons, supporting users to manually switch the start and stop states of the “driving mode” (the function can be turned off during non bird driving periods to avoid energy waste); Visually display the current status (“bird” or “no bird”) through an OLED display screen, making it easy for staff to check the device’s working condition; The power supply system adopts a combination of solar panels and lithium batteries. The solar panels absorb light energy during the day and convert it into electrical energy to charge the lithium battery. The lithium battery provides stable power supply for the entire system (microcontroller, sensor, MP3 module, etc.), achieving continuous operation without external power supply.
The function of this solar powered intelligent bird repellent is to provide a convenient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable solution for multi scene bird control. By automatically identifying and intelligently driving away birds, the efficiency of bird control is greatly improved, reducing safety hazards and economic losses caused by bird activities; The design of solar power supply breaks the dependence on mains electricity and can be flexibly deployed in remote areas such as transmission line towers, farmland, and airport surroundings; At the same time, the function of manually switching modes takes into account both bird repelling needs and ecological protection, avoiding excessive driving that may affect the survival of birds.
Keywords：STM32 microcontroller; solar energy; Intelligent bird repellent device; Infrared pyroelectric detection; MP3 Bird Drive
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 鸟类检测模块电路设计
3.4 驱鸟执行模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 模式控制模块电路设计
3.7 太阳能供电模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1软件环境和程序设计
4.2 程序整体流程
4.3独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.6 MP3音乐播放模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 鸟类检测与驱鸟执行功能测试
5.3 太阳能供电与续航功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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