设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
随着农业现代化进程的加快，精准监测与调控农田环境参数，成为保障农作物优质生长、提升农业生产效率的关键环节。若土壤酸碱度、温度、湿度及光照强度等核心环境因子出现异常且无法及时干预，将直接影响农作物的生长状态，甚至造成减产损失。因此，研发一种能实时、准确监测并智能调控农用环境的系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的简易农用环境监测系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 PH4502C 模块检测土壤 PH 值，当检测值超出或低于预设阈值时，自动启动酸碱调节功能并进行声光报警；借助防水式 DS18B20 温度传感器监测土壤温度，若温度偏离设定范围，系统自动执行加热或制冷操作，同时触发声光报警；通过 YL-69 土壤湿度传感器获取土壤湿度数据，当湿度超出标准值时，自动开启加水或除水功能，配合声光报警提醒；利用 5516 光照检测模块监测环境光照强度，当光照强度低于设定最小值时，自动开启 LED 补光灯并进行声光报警。此外，用户可通过按键灵活设置各环境参数的阈值，也能手动控制酸碱度调节、加热制冷、加水除水功能及切换系统工作模式；系统通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据与设备工作状态；同时，借助 ECBO2 蓝牙模块将测量数据传输至手机端，用户还可通过手机远程控制酸碱度调节、加热制冷、加水除水、补光功能及系统模式切换。
该简易农用环境监测系统的应用价值在于，为农业生产提供了一种便捷、智能的环境监测与调控工具。通过实时监测、自动干预与远程控制，能够帮助农户及时应对农田环境变化，为农作物营造适宜的生长环境，有效降低环境异常对农业生产的影响，助力农业生产朝着精准化、高效化方向发展。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；农用环境监测系统；PH 值检测；土壤温湿度监测；光照监测；蓝牙远程控制
Simple agricultural environmental monitoring system
Abstract
With the acceleration of agricultural modernization, precise monitoring and regulation of farmland environmental parameters have become a key link in ensuring high-quality crop growth and improving agricultural production efficiency. If core environmental factors such as soil acidity, temperature, humidity, and light intensity are abnormal and cannot be intervened in a timely manner, it will directly affect the growth status of crops and even cause yield reduction and losses. Therefore, developing a system that can monitor and intelligently regulate the agricultural environment in real-time and accurately is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a simple agricultural environment monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: detecting soil pH value through the PH4502C module. When the detected value exceeds or falls below the preset threshold, the acid-base adjustment function will be automatically activated and an audible and visual alarm will be triggered; By using the waterproof DS18B20 temperature sensor to monitor soil temperature, if the temperature deviates from the set range, the system will automatically perform heating or cooling operations and trigger an audible and visual alarm; Obtain soil moisture data through YL-69 soil moisture sensor. When the humidity exceeds the standard value, the automatic water addition or removal function will be activated, accompanied by sound and light alarm reminders; Use the 5516 light detection module to monitor the ambient light intensity. When the light intensity is below the set minimum value, the LED fill light will automatically turn on and sound and light an alarm. In addition, users can flexibly set the threshold values of various environmental parameters through buttons, and manually control the functions of pH adjustment, heating and cooling, water addition and removal, and switch system working modes; The system displays real-time monitoring data and device operating status through OLED display screens; At the same time, with the help of ECBO2 Bluetooth module, the measurement data is transmitted to the mobile phone, and users can also remotely control the functions of pH adjustment, heating and cooling, water addition and removal, supplementary lighting, and system mode switching through the mobile phone.
The application value of this simple agricultural environmental monitoring system lies in providing a convenient and intelligent tool for environmental monitoring and regulation in agricultural production. Through real-time monitoring, automatic intervention, and remote control, it can help farmers respond to changes in the farmland environment in a timely manner, create a suitable growth environment for crops, effectively reduce the impact of environmental anomalies on agricultural production, and help agricultural production develop towards precision and efficiency.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Agricultural environmental monitoring system; PH value detection; Soil temperature and humidity monitoring; Light monitoring; bluetooth remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 PH 值检测模块电路设计
3.4 土壤温度检测模块电路设计
3.5 土壤湿度检测模块电路设计
3.6 光照检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 声光报警模块电路设计
3.10 执行模块电路设计
3.11 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 土壤湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.7 PH检测模块子流程设计
4.8 OLED显示流程设计
4.9 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数检测与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.3 自动调控与声光报警功能测试
5.4 按键手动控制与阈值设置功能测试
5.5 蓝牙数据传输与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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