设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
随着人们生活品质的提升和对厨房安全与舒适需求的增加，厨房内烟雾、可燃气体、温湿度等环境参数的监测与智能调控，成为保障居家安全、提升烹饪体验的重要环节。厨房内烟雾堆积、可燃气体泄漏或温湿度异常，不仅影响室内空气质量，还可能引发火灾、中毒等安全隐患；而传统抽油烟机多依赖手动控制，存在响应滞后、操作不便的问题。因此，研发一种能自动监测厨房环境、智能调节工作状态的抽油烟机十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能抽油烟机。系统主要功能包括：通过 MQ-2 烟雾传感器检测厨房烟雾浓度，根据浓度与设定阈值的关系（小于最小阈值不工作、介于上下限间低速转动、大于最大阈值高速转动），通过 MX1508 驱动模块结合 PWM 技术控制风扇转速；借助 DHT11 传感器检测厨房内温湿度；通过 D203S 人体热释电感应模块检测是否有人，搭配 5516 光照模块检测光照强度，当有人且光照值低于设定最小值时，自动开启 LED 灯；通过 MQ-5 传感器检测可燃气体浓度，若浓度超过设定最大阈值，系统触发声光报警；用户可通过按键设置各参数阈值、手动调节风扇转速及控制 LED 灯开关；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示烟雾浓度、温湿度、可燃气体浓度、光照值等测量数据；同时，系统通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块将监测数据发送至手机端，用户还可通过手机远程控制风扇风速与 LED 灯开关。
该智能抽油烟机的作用在于，为用户提供了一种集环境监测、自动调控、远程控制于一体的厨房智能设备。通过实时监测烟雾与可燃气体浓度，能及时响应并消除安全隐患；自动灯光控制与温湿度监测则提升了烹饪舒适度；远程控制功能进一步增强了操作便捷性，有助于保障厨房安全、改善厨房环境，提升用户生活质量。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6 单片机；智能抽油烟机；烟雾检测；可燃气体报警；远程控制
Design of Intelligent Range Hood Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the improvement of people’s quality of life and the increasing demand for kitchen safety and comfort, monitoring and intelligent control of environmental parameters such as smoke, combustible gases, temperature and humidity in the kitchen have become an important part of ensuring home safety and improving cooking experience. The accumulation of smoke, leakage of flammable gases, or abnormal temperature and humidity in the kitchen not only affect indoor air quality, but may also pose safety hazards such as fires and poisoning; However, traditional range hoods rely heavily on manual control and suffer from issues such as delayed response and inconvenient operation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a range hood that can automatically monitor the kitchen environment and intelligently adjust the working status.
This design proposes an intelligent range hood based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting kitchen smoke concentration through MQ-2 smoke sensor, controlling fan speed through MX1508 driving module combined with PWM technology based on the relationship between concentration and set threshold (not working below the minimum threshold, low-speed rotation between upper and lower limits, high-speed rotation above the maximum threshold); Using DHT11 sensors to detect temperature and humidity in the kitchen; By using the D203S human pyroelectric induction module to detect the presence of a person, coupled with the 5516 lighting module to detect the intensity of light, the LED light will automatically turn on when there is a person and the lighting value is below the set minimum value; Detect the concentration of combustible gases through MQ-5 sensors. If the concentration exceeds the set maximum threshold, the system triggers an audible and visual alarm; Users can set various parameter thresholds, manually adjust fan speed, and control LED light switches through buttons; Real time display of measurement data such as smoke concentration, temperature and humidity, combustible gas concentration, and lighting value through OLED display screen; At the same time, the system sends monitoring data to the mobile phone through the ECBO2 Bluetooth module, and users can also remotely control the fan speed and LED light switch through their mobile phone.
The function of this intelligent range hood is to provide users with a kitchen intelligent device that integrates environmental monitoring, automatic regulation, and remote control. By monitoring the concentration of smoke and combustible gases in real-time, it is possible to respond promptly and eliminate safety hazards; Automatic lighting control and temperature and humidity monitoring have improved cooking comfort; The remote control function further enhances the convenience of operation, helps to ensure kitchen safety, improve kitchen environment, and enhance users’ quality of life.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller; Intelligent range hood; Smoke detection; Combustible gas alarm; remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.4 可燃气体检测模块电路设计
3.5 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.6 人体感应与光照检测模块电路设计
3.7 风扇驱动模块电路设计
3.8 LED 灯控制模块电路设计
3.9 声光报警模块电路设计
3.10 显示模块电路设计
3.11 按键模块电路设计
3.12 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 直流电机-MX1508驱动模块子流程
4.6 OLED显示流程设计
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数检测与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.3 风扇 PWM 调速功能测试
5.4 LED 灯联动控制功能测试
5.5 可燃气体声光报警功能测试
5.6 蓝牙数据传输与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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