设计说明书
总字数：22000+
摘要
随着建筑行业智能化发展与安全生产理念的深化，建筑工地作业环境的实时监测、人员定位及应急保障成为提升施工安全水平的关键环节。建筑工地存在温湿度骤变、有害气体超标、光照不足等多种安全隐患，若不能及时监测与预警，可能引发人员健康风险或安全事故；同时，施工人员的实时定位需求也日益迫切，以便在紧急情况下快速响应。因此，研发一种集成多参数监测、定位、预警及交互功能的智能装备，对保障建筑工地作业安全具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的建筑工地智能头盔。系统主要功能包括：通过 GPS（ATGM332D-5N）模块获取佩戴者当前定位信息；借助 DHT11 温湿度监测模块采集作业环境的温度与湿度数据；通过 SGP30 模块检测环境中的 CO₂浓度，MQ-135 模块监测空气质量；利用 5516 光照强度监测模块获取环境光照情况；通过 OLED 液晶显示模块实时展示定位、温湿度、CO₂浓度、空气质量及光照强度等监测数据；用户可通过按键设置各监测参数的正常阈值范围；当检测到温湿度、CO₂浓度或空气质量超出预设范围时，系统触发声光报警提醒；当光照强度低于预设最小值时，自动控制 LED 照明灯打开；此外，系统通过 ECB02 蓝牙模块将监测数据传输至手机端，手机端也可下发指令获取佩戴者当前定位。
该建筑工地智能头盔的作用在于，为施工人员提供了一体化的安全监测与保障装备。通过多参数实时监测、异常自动预警、弱光自动补光及定位与数据交互功能，能够帮助施工人员及时规避作业环境风险，也为管理人员掌握人员位置与环境状态提供支持，有效提升建筑工地作业安全水平，保障施工人员生命健康。
关键词：STM32；建筑工地智能头盔；多参数监测；GPS 定位；蓝牙交互
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Helmet for Construction Sites Based on STM32
Abstract
With the development of intelligence in the construction industry and the deepening of safety production concepts, real-time monitoring of the working environment, personnel positioning, and emergency support at construction sites have become key links in improving construction safety levels. There are various safety hazards in construction sites, such as sudden changes in temperature and humidity, excessive harmful gases, and insufficient lighting. If not monitored and warned in a timely manner, it may lead to health risks or safety accidents for personnel; At the same time, the real-time positioning needs of construction personnel are becoming increasingly urgent in order to respond quickly in emergency situations. Therefore, developing an intelligent equipment that integrates multi parameter monitoring, positioning, warning, and interactive functions is of great significance for ensuring the safety of construction site operations.
This design proposes an intelligent helmet for construction sites based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: obtaining the current positioning information of the wearer through the GPS (ATGM332D-5N) module; Collect temperature and humidity data of the working environment using the DHT11 temperature and humidity monitoring module; Detecting CO ₂ concentration in the environment through SGP30 module, and monitoring air quality through MQ-135 module; Utilize the 5516 light intensity monitoring module to obtain environmental lighting conditions; Real time display of monitoring data such as positioning, temperature and humidity, CO ₂ concentration, air quality, and light intensity through OLED liquid crystal display modules; Users can set the normal threshold range for each monitoring parameter by pressing the button; When temperature and humidity, CO ₂ concentration, or air quality exceed the preset range, the system triggers an audible and visual alarm reminder; When the light intensity is lower than the preset minimum value, automatically control the LED lighting to turn on; In addition, the system transmits monitoring data to the mobile phone through the ECB02 Bluetooth module, and the mobile phone can also issue instructions to obtain the wearer’s current location.
The function of this smart helmet for construction sites is to provide integrated safety monitoring and protection equipment for construction personnel. Through real-time monitoring of multiple parameters, automatic warning of anomalies, automatic replenishment of weak light, and positioning and data exchange functions, it can help construction personnel avoid environmental risks in a timely manner, and provide support for management personnel to grasp personnel positions and environmental status, effectively improving the safety level of construction site operations and ensuring the health and safety of construction personnel.
Keywords：STM32; Intelligent helmets for construction sites; Multi parameter monitoring; GPS positioning; Bluetooth interaction
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 定位模块电路设计
3.4 环境监测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 LED 照明模块电路设计
3.9 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.6 空气质量检测模块子流程设计
4.7 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.8 GPS模块子流程设计
4.9 OLED显示流程设计
4.10 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数监测与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.3 按键参数设置功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 LED 照明功能测试
5.6 GPS 定位与蓝牙交互功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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