设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着建筑行业标准化与绿色施工理念的深化，建筑工地环境质量监测成为保障施工人员健康、提升施工管理水平的关键环节。建筑工地普遍存在 PM2.5 超标（粉尘污染）、温湿度骤变（影响施工效率与人员舒适度）、噪声扰民（白天夜间均需管控）等问题，若缺乏实时监测与精准预警，不仅会危害施工人员身体健康，还可能引发周边居民投诉，影响工程进度。因此，研发一种能全面、实时监测建筑工地环境参数，并具备智能预警与远程交互功能的系统，具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的建筑工地环境监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 GP2Y1014AU 传感器实时监测环境中 PM2.5 浓度；借助 DHT11 温湿度监测模块采集当前环境的温度与湿度数据；通过单片机内部 RTC 模块获取实时时间，用户可通过按键修正时间；利用声音监测模块（模拟量输出）检测环境噪声，系统预设白天（8:00-18:00）与黑夜（18:00 – 次日 8:00）两个时段的噪声最大值阈值，用户可通过按键调整阈值，当噪声超出对应时段阈值时，系统触发声光报警；通过 OLED 液晶显示模块实时展示 PM2.5 浓度、温湿度、实时时间及噪声值；此外，系统通过 NB-IOT 模块将所有监测数据传输至手机端，用户也可在手机端远程设置噪声最大值阈值。
该建筑工地环境监测系统的作用在于，为建筑工地提供了一体化的环境监测与管理工具。通过多参数实时监测、分时段噪声预警、本地与远程双重交互，能够帮助施工管理人员及时掌握环境状况，针对性采取降尘、降噪措施，既保障施工人员健康，又减少环境扰民问题，助力建筑工地实现绿色、合规施工。
关键词：STM32；建筑工地环境监测；PM2.5；分时段噪声预警；NB-IOT
Design of Construction Site Environmental Monitoring System Based on STM32
Abstract
With the deepening of standardization and green construction concepts in the construction industry, environmental quality monitoring at construction sites has become a key link in ensuring the health of construction personnel and improving construction management levels. There are common problems in construction sites, such as PM2.5 exceeding the standard (dust pollution), sudden changes in temperature and humidity (affecting construction efficiency and personnel comfort), and noise disturbance (which needs to be controlled both day and night). Without real-time monitoring and accurate warning, it not only endangers the health of construction workers, but may also trigger complaints from surrounding residents, affecting the progress of the project. Therefore, developing a system that can comprehensively and real-time monitor environmental parameters of construction sites, and has intelligent warning and remote interaction functions, has important practical significance.
This design proposes a construction site environmental monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of PM2.5 concentration in the environment through GP2Y1014AU sensor; Collect temperature and humidity data of the current environment using the DHT11 temperature and humidity monitoring module; Real time time is obtained through the internal RTC module of the microcontroller, and users can adjust the time by pressing buttons; Using a sound monitoring module (analog output) to detect environmental noise, the system sets the maximum noise threshold for two periods: daytime (8:00-18:00) and nighttime (18:00-8:00 the next day). Users can adjust the threshold by pressing a button. When the noise exceeds the corresponding threshold for each period, the system triggers an audible and visual alarm; Real time display of PM2.5 concentration, temperature and humidity, real-time time, and noise value through OLED LCD display module; In addition, the system transmits all monitoring data to the mobile phone through the NB-IOT module, and users can also remotely set the maximum noise threshold on the mobile phone.
The purpose of this construction site environmental monitoring system is to provide an integrated environmental monitoring and management tool for construction sites. Through multi parameter real-time monitoring, time-based noise warning, and dual interaction between local and remote, construction management personnel can timely grasp the environmental conditions, take targeted measures to reduce dust and noise, ensure the health of construction personnel, and reduce environmental disturbance, helping construction sites achieve green and compliant construction.
Keywords：STM32; Environmental monitoring of construction sites; PM2.5； Periodic noise warning; NB-IOT.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境监测模块电路设计
3.4 RTC 时间模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 NB-IOT 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.6 声音检测模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示流程设计
4.8 NB-IOT模块联网子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数监测与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.3 RTC 时间修正与噪声阈值设置功能测试
5.4 分时段声光报警功能测试
5.5 NB-IOT 通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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