设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着汽车保有量的逐年增长，车内安全问题日益受到关注。车内密闭环境下，温度异常升高、一氧化碳（CO）泄漏、二氧化碳（CO₂）浓度超标等情况，若不能及时监测与处理，可能对车内人员（尤其是滞留儿童、老人）的生命安全造成严重威胁。此外，传统车内安全监测多依赖人工检查，存在响应滞后、监测不全面的问题，因此研发一种能实时、精准监测车内关键环境参数并自动预警处置的设备，具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的车内安全测控系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 DS18B20 温度传感器实时监测车内环境温度；借助 D203S 人体热释电模块检测车内是否有人滞留；通过 MQ-7 传感器采集车内 CO 浓度，SGP30 传感器采集 CO₂浓度；当检测到人且车内温度大于预设最大值时，系统控制继电器驱动风扇与雾化片工作，实现降温散热；当检测到 CO 或 CO₂浓度超出预设正常范围时，同样启动风扇进行通风换气；通过 LCD1602 液晶显示模块，实时展示当前车内温度、CO 浓度、CO₂浓度及人体检测状态；用户可通过按键灵活设置温度、CO、CO₂的监测阈值参数，适配不同使用场景需求。
该车内安全测控系统的作用在于，为车内人员提供了全方位的安全保障。通过实时监测关键环境参数并自动触发处置措施，能够快速应对车内温度异常、有害气体超标的风险，有效避免安全事故发生；同时，直观的显示与便捷的参数设置功能，提升了系统的实用性与易用性，为用户营造安全、舒适的车内环境，进一步完善了汽车安全保障体系。
关键词：STC89C52；车内安全测控系统；温度监测；气体浓度监测；人体检测
Design of Vehicle Safety Measurement and Control System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the annual increase in car ownership, the issue of in car safety is receiving increasing attention. In a closed environment inside the car, abnormal temperature rise, carbon monoxide (CO) leakage, and excessive concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ₂) may pose a serious threat to the safety of occupants, especially children and the elderly, if not monitored and dealt with in a timely manner. In addition, traditional in car safety monitoring relies heavily on manual inspection, which leads to delayed response and incomplete monitoring. Therefore, developing a device that can monitor key environmental parameters in the car in real time and accurately, and automatically warn and handle them, has important practical significance.
This design proposes an in car safety measurement and control system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of the ambient temperature inside the vehicle through the DS18B20 temperature sensor; Use D203S human thermoelectric module to detect whether there are people stuck in the car; Collect CO concentration inside the vehicle through MQ-7 sensor, and collect CO ₂ concentration through SGP30 sensor; When a person is detected and the temperature inside the car exceeds the preset maximum value, the system controls the relay to drive the fan and atomizer to work, achieving cooling and heat dissipation; When the concentration of CO or CO ₂ exceeds the preset normal range, the fan is also started for ventilation and air exchange; Real time display of current in car temperature, CO concentration, CO ₂ concentration, and human detection status through LCD1602 LCD display module; Users can flexibly set monitoring threshold parameters for temperature, CO, and CO ₂ through buttons, adapting to different usage scenarios.
The function of the in car safety measurement and control system is to provide comprehensive safety protection for passengers inside the vehicle. By monitoring key environmental parameters in real-time and automatically triggering disposal measures, it is possible to quickly respond to the risk of abnormal temperature and excessive harmful gases inside the vehicle, effectively avoiding safety accidents; At the same time, the intuitive display and convenient parameter setting functions enhance the practicality and ease of use of the system, creating a safe and comfortable in car environment for users and further improving the automotive safety guarantee system.
Keywords：STC89C52; In car safety measurement and control system; Temperature monitoring; Gas concentration monitoring; Human body detection
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 人体检测模块电路设计
3.5 气体检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 继电器控制模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 一氧化碳检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.8 A/D模数转换子流程
4.9 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数监测与显示功能测试
5.3 按键参数设置功能测试
5.4 继电器自动控制功能测试
5.5 综合功能联动测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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