设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着生活与生产场景对局部低温环境需求的增加，如小型药品储存、电子元件散热、便携饮品冷藏等，精准、便捷的温度控制工具愈发重要。若局部环境温度无法及时调控，可能导致药品失效、电子元件损坏或物品变质，影响使用效果与安全性。因此，研发一种能自动制冷、精准控温且支持远程监控的小型制冷器，具有重要的实用价值。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的小型制冷器。系统主要功能包括：通过 DS18820 温度传感器实时检测制冷器内部温度，当温度高于预设最大值时，单片机控制制冷片继电器与风扇继电器启动，制冷片开始制冷，风扇将冷空气吹入内部，直至温度降至预设最小值后停止；支持通过按键设置温度最大值、最小值及制冷片的定时开关时间，定时到达时自动启动制冷，结束时间到则关闭制冷；当检测到温度高于预设最大值时，系统触发声光报警模块发出提醒，及时告知用户温度异常；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示当前检测温度、预设温度阈值及制冷器工作状态；同时，系统通过 WiFi（ESP8266-12F）模块将检测到的温度数据传输至手机端，用户可在手机端查看实时温度、修改温度最大值与最小值，还能远程控制制冷片关闭。
该小型制冷器的作用在于，为用户提供了一种精准、便捷且可远程管控的局部制冷解决方案。通过自动制冷控温、异常报警与远程交互功能，既能保障需低温储存物品的安全性，又能降低人工操作成本，提升温度控制的灵活性与及时性，满足家庭、实验室、小型商铺等多种场景的使用需求。
关键词：单片机；小型制冷器；温度检测；自动控温；远程监控；ESP8266
Design and Implementation of a Small Refrigerator Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the increasing demand for local low-temperature environments in daily life and production scenarios, such as small drug storage, electronic component heat dissipation, portable beverage refrigeration, etc., precise and convenient temperature control tools are becoming increasingly important. If the local environmental temperature cannot be controlled in a timely manner, it may lead to drug failure, electronic component damage, or item deterioration, affecting the effectiveness and safety of use. Therefore, developing a small refrigerator that can automatically cool, accurately control temperature, and support remote monitoring has important practical value.
This design proposes a small refrigerator based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time detection of the internal temperature of the refrigerator through the DS18820 temperature sensor. When the temperature is higher than the preset maximum value, the microcontroller controls the start of the refrigeration plate relay and fan relay, and the refrigeration plate begins to cool. The fan blows cold air into the interior until the temperature drops to the preset minimum value before stopping; Support setting the maximum and minimum temperature values, as well as the timed on/off time of the cooling element through buttons. When the timer is reached, the cooling will automatically start, and when the end time is reached, the cooling will be turned off; When the temperature is detected to be higher than the preset maximum value, the system triggers the sound and light alarm module to issue a reminder and promptly inform the user of the abnormal temperature; Real time display of current detected temperature, preset temperature threshold, and working status of the refrigerator through OLED display screen; At the same time, the system transmits the detected temperature data to the mobile phone through the WiFi (ESP8266-12F) module. Users can view real-time temperature, modify the maximum and minimum temperature values, and remotely control the cooling plate to turn off on the mobile phone.
The function of this small refrigerator is to provide users with a precise, convenient, and remotely controllable local cooling solution. Through automatic cooling and temperature control, abnormal alarm, and remote interaction functions, it can ensure the safety of low-temperature storage items, reduce manual operation costs, improve the flexibility and timeliness of temperature control, and meet the needs of various scenarios such as homes, laboratories, and small shops.
Keywords：microcontroller; Small refrigerators; Temperature detection; Automatic temperature control; Remote monitoring; ESP8266
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 无线通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5WiFi模块子流程设计
4.6 OLED显示流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温度检测与显示功能测试
5.3 继电器控制功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 定时与按键设置功能测试
5.6 WiFi 远程交互功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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