设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在医药生产、药房配药及家庭药品管理等场景中，药丸定量装罐是保障用药剂量准确、提升工作效率的关键环节。当前传统人工装罐方式不仅效率低下，还易因人为操作误差导致每罐药丸数量不一致，影响用药安全性与药品管理规范性；部分自动化装罐设备则体积庞大、成本高昂，难以适配中小型药房或家庭使用需求。因此，研发一种结构紧凑、操作简便、定量精准的药丸装罐系统，具有重要的实用价值。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的药丸装罐系统。系统主要功能包括：通过红外对射管实时检测通过的药丸数量，当检测数量达到预设的每罐标准数量（默认 50 粒）时，单片机控制继电器工作，触发装罐机构完成药丸装罐；借助 ULN2003A 芯片驱动步进电机，模拟传送带运动，装罐完成后，步进电机带动传送带运转预设时间（输送空罐至装罐工位、满罐移出），随后步进电机停止，系统自动返回药丸计数状态，循环执行 “计数 – 装罐 – 传送带运动 – 停止” 流程；通过 OLED 液晶显示屏实时显示当前检测的药丸数量、已完成的装罐次数及系统工作时间，方便用户直观掌握装罐进度；用户可通过按键自由设置每罐药丸的目标数量（如 30 粒、50 粒、100 粒）与预设装罐循环次数，满足不同装罐需求。
该药丸装罐系统的作用在于，为用户提供了一种定量精准、自动化程度高的药丸装罐解决方案。通过自动计数与装罐流程，大幅减少人工操作误差，保障每罐药丸数量一致性；同时简化操作流程，降低人工劳动强度，提升装罐效率，适配中小型药房、医药实验室及家庭药品整理等多种场景使用需求。
关键词：单片机；药丸装罐系统；红外计数；步进电机控制；定量装罐；OLED 显示
Abstract
In scenarios such as pharmaceutical production, pharmacy dispensing, and home drug management, quantitative pill canning is a key link in ensuring accurate medication dosage and improving work efficiency. The current traditional manual canning method is not only inefficient, but also prone to human operation errors leading to inconsistent quantities of pills per can, which affects the safety of medication and the standardization of drug management; Partial automated canning equipment is bulky and costly, making it difficult to adapt to the needs of small and medium-sized pharmacies or households. Therefore, developing a compact, easy to operate, and accurately quantified pill canning system has important practical value.
This design proposes a pill canning system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time detection of the number of pills passed through the infrared tube. When the detected quantity reaches the preset standard quantity per can (default 50 pills), the microcontroller controls the relay to work and triggers the canning mechanism to complete the pill canning process; Using the ULN2003A chip to drive the stepper motor, simulate the movement of the conveyor belt. After the canning is completed, the stepper motor drives the conveyor belt to run for a preset time (conveying empty cans to the canning station and removing full cans), and then the stepper motor stops. The system automatically returns to the pill counting state and repeats the “counting canning conveyor belt movement stop” process; Real time display of the current number of pills detected, completed canning times, and system working time through OLED LCD screen, making it convenient for users to intuitively grasp the canning progress; Users can freely set the target quantity (such as 30 pills, 50 pills, 100 pills) and preset canning cycle times for each can through buttons, meeting different canning needs.
The function of this pill canning system is to provide users with a precise and highly automated pill canning solution. By using automatic counting and canning processes, manual operation errors are significantly reduced, ensuring consistency in the quantity of pills per can; At the same time, simplifying the operation process, reducing manual labor intensity, improving canning efficiency, and adapting to the needs of various scenarios such as small and medium-sized pharmacies, pharmaceutical laboratories, and home drug sorting.
Keywords：microcontroller; Pill canning system; Infrared counting; Stepper motor control; Quantitative canning; OLED display.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外对射计数模块电路设计
3.4 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.5 继电器装罐模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 红外对射模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 步进电机子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 红外计数与继电器装罐功能测试
5.3 步进电机传动功能测试
5.4 按键设置功能测试
5.5 OLED 显示与系统循环功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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