设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着人们生活节奏加快及宠物饲养、家禽养殖需求增长，传统人工喂养方式逐渐显现诸多局限：人工投喂易受时间限制（如主人出差、养殖人员忙碌时无法按时喂养），且难以实时监测喂养环境（如温湿度异常、甲醛超标、水位不足等），可能影响宠物或家禽的健康生长。若环境参数异常或喂养不及时，轻则导致生长状态不佳，重则引发疾病，因此研发一种具备自动喂养、环境监测与异常报警功能的自动喂养系统，具有重要的实用价值。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的自动喂养系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度检测模块实时采集喂养环境的温湿度数据；借助 YW-01D 水位监测模块监测水箱水位，当水位低于预设最小值时，单片机控制继电器启动加水装置，直至水位高于预设最大值；通过 MS1100 甲醛模块检测环境甲醛浓度，避免有害气体影响饲养对象健康；通过 LCD1602 液晶显示屏直观展示温湿度、甲醛浓度、水位及实时时间；依托 DS1302 时钟模块获取精准时间，当到达预设定时时间时，单片机控制继电器启动投喂装置完成自动喂养；用户可通过按键设置温湿度上下限值、甲醛浓度最大值、水位阈值，当温湿度超出设定范围、甲醛浓度高于最大值或水位较低时，系统触发声光报警提醒。
该自动喂养系统的作用在于，为宠物饲养者与家禽养殖户提供了一种高效、智能的喂养解决方案。通过自动定时喂养，解决人工喂养时间不规律的问题；通过多维度环境监测与异常报警，及时发现潜在健康风险，保障饲养对象生长环境安全，减轻人工管理负担，提升喂养管理的便捷性与科学性。
关键词：单片机；自动喂养系统；环境监测；定时喂养；异常报警
Design of Automatic Feeding System
Abstract
With the acceleration of people’s pace of life and the increasing demand for pet and poultry farming, traditional artificial feeding methods have gradually shown many limitations: artificial feeding is easily limited by time (such as owners traveling or busy breeders unable to feed on time), and it is difficult to monitor the feeding environment in real time (such as abnormal temperature and humidity, excessive formaldehyde, insufficient water level, etc.), which may affect the healthy growth of pets or poultry. If the environmental parameters are abnormal or feeding is not done in a timely manner, it can lead to poor growth and even cause diseases. Therefore, developing an automatic feeding system with automatic feeding, environmental monitoring, and abnormal alarm functions has important practical value.
This design proposes an automatic feeding system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of temperature and humidity data of the feeding environment through the DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module; Using the YW-01D water level monitoring module to monitor the water level in the water tank, when the water level is below the preset minimum value, the microcontroller controls the relay to activate the water adding device until the water level is above the preset maximum value; Detecting environmental formaldehyde concentration through MS1100 formaldehyde module to avoid harmful gases affecting the health of feeding objects; Visually display temperature and humidity, formaldehyde concentration, water level, and real-time time through the LCD1602 LCD screen; Relying on the DS1302 clock module to obtain accurate time, when the preset timing is reached, the microcontroller controls the relay to start the feeding device and complete automatic feeding; Users can set the upper and lower limits of temperature and humidity, maximum formaldehyde concentration, and water level threshold through buttons. When the temperature and humidity exceed the set range, formaldehyde concentration is higher than the maximum value, or the water level is low, the system triggers an audible and visual alarm reminder.
The function of this automatic feeding system is to provide an efficient and intelligent feeding solution for pet owners and poultry farmers. By automatically timing feeding, the problem of irregular feeding time in manual feeding can be solved; Through multi-dimensional environmental monitoring and abnormal alarms, potential health risks can be detected in a timely manner, ensuring the safety of the growth environment for feeding objects, reducing the burden of manual management, and improving the convenience and scientificity of feeding management.
Keywords：microcontroller; Automatic feeding system; Environmental monitoring; Regular feeding; abnormal alarm.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 水位检测模块电路设计
3.5 甲醛检测模块电路设计
3.6 时钟模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.9 声光报警模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 时钟模块子流程
4.7 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度与甲醛检测功能测试
5.3 水位控制与自动加水功能测试
5.4 定时投喂功能测试
5.5 声光报警功能测试
5.6 按键设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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