设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着城市化进程加快与家庭生活场景丰富化，烟雾、天然气泄漏、一氧化碳（CO）及有害混合气体超标，已成为引发家庭火灾、中毒等安全事故的主要隐患；同时，饮用水质安全也直接关系居民健康，若这些风险不能及时监测与处置，可能造成财产损失甚至危及生命。因此，研发一款能全面监测家庭多类安全隐患、自动响应且支持远程控制的检测系统，对保障家庭安全、提升居住安全感具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的家庭安全检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 MQ-2 传感器检测烟雾值、MQ-5 传感器检测天然气 / 煤气值、MQ-7 传感器检测 CO 值、MQ-135 传感器检测有害混合气体值，任一气体浓度超预设上限时，立即触发声光报警，并通过继电器开启风扇与净化器；通过 TDS 水质检测模块监测饮用水质，水质超标时同步启动声光报警；用户可通过按键设置各类检测参数上限值，还能手动控制风扇、净化器启停及切换系统工作模式；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各气体浓度、水质数据及设备工作状态；借助 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块，将测量数据上传至手机端，同时支持手机远程控制风扇、净化器及模式切换。
该家庭安全检测系统的作用在于，为居民提供全方位、智能化的家庭安全保障工具。通过多维度隐患实时监测与自动处置，可快速降低安全风险；远程控制与数据查看功能，让用户不在家时也能掌握家庭安全状态，及时应对突发情况，有效减少安全事故发生概率，保障家庭财产与人员健康安全。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；家庭安全；气体检测；TDS 水质检测；ESP8266 远程控制；声光报警
Home security detection system
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and the enrichment of family life scenes, smoke, natural gas leaks, carbon monoxide (CO) and harmful mixed gases exceeding the standard have become the main hidden dangers causing safety accidents such as home fires and poisoning; At the same time, the safety of drinking water quality is directly related to residents’ health. If these risks are not monitored and disposed of in a timely manner, they may cause property damage or even endanger lives. Therefore, developing a detection system that can comprehensively monitor multiple types of security risks in households, automatically respond, and support remote control is of great significance for ensuring household safety and enhancing the sense of residential security.
This design proposes a home security detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting smoke values through the MQ-2 sensor, detecting natural gas/coal gas values through the MQ-5 sensor, detecting CO values through the MQ-7 sensor, and detecting harmful mixed gas values through the MQ-135 sensor. When any gas concentration exceeds the preset upper limit, an audible and visual alarm is immediately triggered, and the fan and purifier are turned on through the relay; Monitor drinking water quality through TDS water quality detection module, and synchronously activate sound and light alarms when the water quality exceeds the standard; Users can set upper limits for various detection parameters through buttons, and manually control the start and stop of fans and purifiers, as well as switch system operating modes; Real time display of gas concentration, water quality data, and equipment operating status through OLED display screen; With the ESP8266-12F WIFI module, the measurement data can be uploaded to the mobile phone, and remote control of fans, purifiers, and mode switching can be supported.
The function of this home security detection system is to provide residents with comprehensive and intelligent home security protection tools. Real time monitoring and automatic disposal of multi-dimensional hidden dangers can quickly reduce security risks; Remote control and data viewing functions enable users to monitor the safety status of their homes even when they are not at home, respond to emergencies in a timely manner, effectively reduce the probability of safety accidents, and ensure the health and safety of family property and personnel.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Family safety; Gas detection; TDS water quality testing; ESP8266 remote control; audible and visual alarme
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 MQ 系列多气体检测模块电路设计
3.4 TDS 水质检测模块电路设计
3.5 双路继电器模块电路设计
3.6 OLED 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 水质检测模块子流程设计
4.5 烟雾检测模块子流程设计
4.6 一氧化碳检测模块子流程设计
4.7 有害气体检测模块子流程设计
4.9 天燃气检测模块子流程设计
4.9 OLED显示流程设计
4.10 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 MQ-2 烟雾检测与联动控制功能测试
5.3 MQ-5 天然气检测与联动控制功能测试
5.4 MQ-7 CO 检测与联动控制功能测试
5.5 MQ-135 有害气体检测与联动控制功能测试
5.6 TDS 水质检测与报警功能测试
5.7 按键控制与 WIFI 远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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