设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着智能家居理念普及与生活品质提升，马桶作为家庭高频使用设备，其自动化、舒适性与卫生需求日益凸显。传统马桶需手动操作盖体、缺乏异味处理与温度调节功能，冬季使用时冰凉体感差，久坐易引发健康隐患，且清洁杀菌依赖人工，难以满足现代家庭对便捷、健康、舒适的使用需求。因此，研发一款集成自动感应、环境调节、安全提醒与卫生防护的智能马桶控制系统，对提升居家生活体验具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能马桶灯显控制系统。系统核心功能与联动逻辑如下：通过红外避障模块检测人体，有人时驱动 SG90 舵机自动打开马桶盖，同时开启 RGB 氛围灯轮流亮灯营造氛围；通过 FSR402 压力传感器检测人是否落座，落座后触发继电器开启风扇吸除臭气，同步启动计时，计时超预设最大值时蜂鸣器发声提醒；通过 DS18B20 检测马桶圈温度，落座状态下温度低于预设最小值时，继电器驱动加热模块升温；红外避障模块检测到人离开后，舵机自动关闭马桶盖，继电器依次启动 5 秒冲水与 5 秒杀菌功能；用户可通过按键设置温度最小值与落座总时长，LCD1602 显示屏实时显示温度、计时时长、设备工作状态等数据。
该智能马桶灯显控制系统的作用在于，为用户提供全流程自动化的马桶使用体验：自动感应与动作联动减少手动操作，提升便捷性；温度调节与异味处理增强使用舒适性；久坐提醒与自动杀菌保障用户健康卫生；RGB 氛围灯丰富使用场景。系统依托 STC89C52 实现多模块协同控制，操作简便、响应及时，有效解决传统马桶的使用痛点，助力智能家居生活升级。
关键词：STC89C52；智能马桶；红外避障检测；压力传感；LCD1602
Design of Intelligent Toilet Lamp Display Control System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the popularization of smart home concepts and the improvement of quality of life, toilets, as high-frequency household devices, have increasingly highlighted their automation, comfort, and hygiene needs. Traditional toilets require manual operation of the lid, lack odor treatment and temperature regulation functions, and have poor body sensation when used in winter. Prolonged sitting can easily lead to health hazards, and cleaning and sterilization rely on manual labor, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern families for convenient, healthy, and comfortable use. Therefore, developing an intelligent toilet control system that integrates automatic sensing, environmental regulation, safety reminders, and hygiene protection is of great significance for improving the home living experience.
This design proposes an intelligent toilet light display control system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions and linkage logic of the system are as follows: detecting the human body through an infrared obstacle avoidance module, driving the SG90 servo to automatically open the toilet seat when someone is present, and simultaneously turning on the RGB ambient lights to alternately light up and create an atmosphere; Detecting whether a person is seated through the FSR402 pressure sensor, triggering a relay to turn on the fan to remove odors, synchronously starting the timer, and sounding a buzzer to remind when the timer exceeds the preset maximum value; By using DS18B20 to detect the temperature of the toilet seat, when the temperature is lower than the preset minimum value in the seated state, the relay drives the heating module to raise the temperature; After the infrared obstacle avoidance module detects that a person has left, the servo automatically closes the toilet seat, and the relay sequentially activates the 5-second flushing and 5-second sterilization functions; Users can set the minimum temperature and total sitting time through buttons, and the LCD1602 display screen displays real-time data such as temperature, timing duration, and equipment working status.
The function of this intelligent toilet light display control system is to provide users with a fully automated toilet usage experience: automatic sensing and action linkage reduce manual operation and improve convenience; Temperature regulation and odor treatment enhance user comfort; Sedentary reminder and automatic sterilization ensure user health and hygiene; RGB ambient lights are widely used in various scenarios. The system relies on STC89C52 to achieve multi module collaborative control, with easy operation and timely response, effectively solving the pain points of traditional toilet use and helping upgrade smart home life.
Keywords：STC89C52; Smart toilet; Infrared obstacle avoidance detection; Pressure sensing; LCD1602
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外避障与舵机驱动模块电路设计
3.4 FSR402 压力传感与温度检测模块电路设计
3.5 继电器模块电路设计
3.6 蜂鸣器与 RGB 氛围灯模块电路设计
3.7 LCD1602 显示与按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 舵机模块子流通
4.6 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.7 RGB灯模块子流程设计
4.8 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.9 薄膜压力检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 人体感应与马桶盖自动开合功能测试
5.3 落座检测与继电器联动功能测试
5.4 人离开后冲水与杀菌功能测试
5.5 参数设置与 LCD 显示功能测试
5.6 RGB 氛围灯与蜂鸣器提醒功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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