设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着环保意识的提升和垃圾分类政策的推进，规范垃圾分类投放与便捷管理成为日常生活中的重要需求。传统垃圾桶依赖人工分类投放，不仅效率低，还易出现分类错误，且垃圾桶满溢后难以及时发现，影响环境整洁。因此，研发一种能实现语音识别分类、余量监测与智能提醒的智能垃圾桶十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能垃圾桶。系统主要功能包括：通过 SU-03T 语音识别模块识别垃圾类型（可回收、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾、其它垃圾），识别后控制 SG90 舵机自动打开对应的垃圾桶；通过 4 个 FSR402 薄膜式压力传感器分别检测各类垃圾桶内垃圾重量，计算并判断垃圾桶余量，借助 OLED 显示模块实时显示余量信息；当监测到垃圾桶满时，语音控制无法触发对应垃圾桶盖开关，管理员可通过语音指令 “打开所有垃圾桶”“关闭所有垃圾桶” 进行统一控制；同时，垃圾桶满时每 10 秒通过 CN-TTS 语音播报模块循环提醒 “垃圾桶已满”。
该智能垃圾桶的作用在于，为用户提供了一种便捷、精准的垃圾分类与管理工具。通过语音识别自动分类投放、余量实时监测与满溢提醒，既能帮助用户规范垃圾分类，又能方便管理员及时处理满溢垃圾，助力维护环境整洁，推动垃圾分类工作高效落实。
关键词：单片机；智能垃圾桶；语音识别分类；余量监测；语音提醒
Abstract
With the improvement of environmental awareness and the promotion of garbage classification policies, standardizing garbage classification and convenient management has become an important demand in daily life. Traditional garbage bins rely on manual sorting and placement, which not only has low efficiency but also is prone to classification errors. Moreover, it is difficult to detect overflowing garbage bins in a timely manner, which affects the cleanliness of the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intelligent garbage bin that can achieve speech recognition classification, residual monitoring, and intelligent reminders.
This design proposes an intelligent garbage bin based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: recognizing garbage types (recyclable, kitchen waste, hazardous waste, other waste) through the SU-03T speech recognition module, and controlling the SG90 servo to automatically open the corresponding garbage bin after recognition; By using four FSR402 thin-film pressure sensors to detect the weight of garbage in various types of trash cans, calculate and determine the remaining amount of garbage cans, and display the remaining amount information in real time with the help of OLED display module; When the garbage bin is detected to be full, the voice control cannot trigger the corresponding garbage bin lid switch. The administrator can use voice commands to “open all garbage bins” and “close all garbage bins” for unified control; At the same time, every 10 seconds when the trash can is full, the CN-TTS voice broadcast module will repeatedly remind that the trash can is full.
The function of this intelligent garbage bin is to provide users with a convenient and accurate tool for garbage classification and management. By using voice recognition for automatic classification and placement, real-time monitoring of remaining garbage, and overflow reminders, it can not only help users standardize garbage classification, but also facilitate administrators to handle overflow garbage in a timely manner, help maintain a clean environment, and promote efficient implementation of garbage classification work.
Keywords： microcontroller; Intelligent garbage bin; Speech recognition classification; Remaining monitoring; Voice reminder
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 语音识别模块电路设计
3.4 舵机驱动模块电路设计
3.5 重量检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 语音播报模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 舵机模块子流通
4.4 薄膜压力检测模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.7 语音识别模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 语音识别与舵机控制功能测试
5.3 重量检测与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.4 满溢控制与语音播报功能测试
5.5 系统综合功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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