设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着生活品质的提升与智能生活需求的增长，室内环境温度的精准调控及风扇设备的便捷操控成为人们日常生活中的重要需求。传统风扇在温度感应、转速调节灵活性及人机交互方式上存在局限，难以满足多样化、智能化的使用场景。因此，研发一款具备多模式控制、智能感应及精准温控功能的智能风扇具有重要实用价值。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC12C5A60S2 单片机的智能风扇系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 DS18B20 温度传感器实时检测环境温度；具备自动、手动、红外遥控、蓝牙遥控、语音控制五种工作模式 —— 自动模式下，可通过按键预设三个温度阈值，当温度低于下限值时，MX1508 电机驱动模块控制风扇停止运转；温度介于下限与中限值之间时，风扇以低速转动；温度介于中限与上限值之间时，风扇切换为中速转动；温度高于上限值时，风扇以高速运转；手动模式可通过按键直接调节风扇转速；红外遥控模式借助 VS1838 红外接收模块，通过遥控器实现转速控制；蓝牙遥控模式通过 ECB02 蓝牙模块，支持手机端远程操控转速；语音控制模式通过 SU-03T 语音识别模块，实现语音指令对风扇的控制。此外，系统通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示环境温度值、当前风扇挡位、人体感应状态及工作模式；同时集成 D203S 人体热释电传感器，仅在检测到有人时启动风扇，实现节能与智能感应的结合。
该智能风扇的作用在于，为用户提供了一款功能全面、操控便捷且节能环保的温度调节设备。通过多模式控制满足不同使用场景需求，智能温控与人体感应设计兼顾舒适体验与能源节约，有效提升了风扇使用的智能化水平与用户生活品质。
关键词：单片机；智能风扇；温度检测；多模式控制；人体感应；语音识别
Intelligent fan based on microcontroller
Abstract
With the improvement of quality of life and the increasing demand for smart living, precise control of indoor environmental temperature and convenient operation of fan equipment have become important needs in people’s daily lives. Traditional fans have limitations in temperature sensing, speed adjustment flexibility, and human-computer interaction, making it difficult to meet diverse and intelligent usage scenarios. Therefore, developing an intelligent fan with multi-mode control, intelligent sensing, and precise temperature control functions has important practical value.
This design proposes an intelligent fan system based on STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of ambient temperature through DS18B20 temperature sensor; Equipped with five working modes: automatic, manual, infrared remote control, Bluetooth remote control, and voice control. In automatic mode, three temperature thresholds can be preset through buttons. When the temperature drops below the lower limit, the MX1508 motor drive module controls the fan to stop running; When the temperature is between the lower and middle limits, the fan rotates at low speed; When the temperature is between the middle and upper limits, the fan switches to medium speed rotation; When the temperature exceeds the upper limit, the fan runs at high speed; Manual mode allows for direct adjustment of fan speed through buttons; The infrared remote control mode utilizes the VS1838 infrared receiving module to achieve speed control through the remote control; The Bluetooth remote control mode supports remote control of speed on mobile phones through the ECB02 Bluetooth module; The voice control mode uses the SU-03T voice recognition module to control the fan through voice commands. In addition, the system displays the real-time environmental temperature value, current fan gear, human body sensing status, and working mode through the LCD1602 display screen; Simultaneously integrating the D203S human body pyroelectric sensor, the fan is only activated when someone is detected, achieving a combination of energy saving and intelligent sensing.
The function of this intelligent fan is to provide users with a comprehensive, easy to operate, and energy-saving temperature regulation device. By using multi-mode control to meet the needs of different usage scenarios, intelligent temperature control and human body sensing design balance comfort experience and energy conservation, effectively improving the intelligence level of fan use and user quality of life.
Keywords：microcontroller; Intelligent fan; Temperature detection; Multi mode control; Human body sensing; speech recognition
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 人体感应模块电路设计
3.5 电机驱动模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 无线控制模块电路设计
3.9 语音识别模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 直流电机-MX1508驱动模块子流程
4.6 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温度检测与自动调速功能测试
5.3 人体感应与节能功能测试
5.4 多模式控制功能测试
5.5 LCD1602 显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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