设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着家庭生活品质的提升，厨房作为家庭用火用电高频场景，火灾隐患防控成为保障居家安全的关键环节。厨房内因燃气泄漏、电器故障、明火管控不当等引发的火灾，若不能及时监测与预警，易迅速蔓延造成财产损失甚至危及生命安全。因此，研发一种能实时、精准监测厨房火灾隐患并主动预警的设备，对提升居家安全防护能力具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能厨房防火预警系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DS18B20 温度传感器实时检测厨房环境温度值；借助 MQ-2 烟雾传感器采集厨房内烟雾浓度值；通过 YS-17 火焰传感器识别是否存在明火；利用 D203S 人体红外热释电感应模块判断厨房内是否有人；当检测到温度高于设定最大值、烟雾浓度超过设定阈值或存在明火时，判定为火灾隐患，若同时检测到人，系统通过 CN-TTS 语音播报模块每隔 10 秒循环播报 “发生火灾，请速速撤离”；用户可通过按键灵活设置温度、烟雾的预警阈值；系统通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示当前温度、烟雾值及各阈值参数，方便用户直观掌握厨房安全状态。
该智能厨房防火预警系统的作用在于，为家庭提供了一种多维度、主动式的火灾隐患防控工具。通过对温度、烟雾、明火的实时监测与精准预警，结合人体感应触发的语音提示，能够帮助用户在火灾萌芽阶段及时发现风险并快速撤离，有效降低火灾事故造成的危害，为居家安全保驾护航，提升家庭生活的安全感与幸福感。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；智能厨房；防火预警；多传感器监测；语音播报
Design of Intelligent Kitchen Fire Warning System
Abstract
With the improvement of family life quality, the kitchen, as a high-frequency scenario for household use of fire and electricity, has become a key link in ensuring home safety through fire hazard prevention and control. Fires caused by gas leaks, electrical malfunctions, and improper control of open flames in the kitchen, if not monitored and warned in a timely manner, can quickly spread and cause property damage or even endanger life safety. Therefore, developing a device that can monitor kitchen fire hazards in real time and accurately, and actively warn, is of great significance for improving home safety protection capabilities.
This design proposes an intelligent kitchen fire warning system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time detection of kitchen environment temperature values through DS18B20 temperature sensor; Collect smoke concentration values in the kitchen using MQ-2 smoke sensors; Identify the presence of open flames through YS-17 flame sensor; Using D203S human infrared pyroelectric induction module to determine whether there is someone in the kitchen; When the temperature is detected to be higher than the set maximum value, the smoke concentration exceeds the set threshold, or there is an open flame, it is judged as a fire hazard. If a person is detected at the same time, the system will repeatedly broadcast “Fire occurs, please evacuate quickly” every 10 seconds through the CN-TTS voice broadcast module; Users can flexibly set temperature and smoke warning thresholds through buttons; The system displays the current temperature, smoke level, and various threshold parameters in real time through the LCD1602 display screen, making it convenient for users to intuitively grasp the safety status of the kitchen.
The function of this intelligent kitchen fire warning system is to provide a multidimensional and proactive fire hazard prevention and control tool for households. By real-time monitoring and precise warning of temperature, smoke, and open flames, combined with voice prompts triggered by human body sensing, it can help users detect risks in the early stages of fire and evacuate quickly, effectively reducing the harm caused by fire accidents, safeguarding home safety, and enhancing the sense of security and happiness in family life.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; Intelligent kitchen; Fire warning; Multi sensor monitoring; voice broadcast.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.5 火焰检测模块电路设计
3.6 人体感应模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 语音播报模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 火焰检测模块子流程设计
4.6 烟雾检测模块子流程设计
4.7 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.8 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.9 A/D模数转换子流程
4.10 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数检测与 LCD 显示功能测试
5.3 火灾判定与语音预警功能测试
5.4 按键阈值设置与界面切换功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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