设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
随着环境监测需求的日益增长以及对气象数据精准获取的重视，全方位、实时地掌握环境气象参数成为科研、生产生活及环境保护等领域的重要需求。若无法及时、准确监测各类气象指标，可能会对农业生产、环境评估、灾害预警等工作造成不利影响，因此研发一种多功能、高精度的气象监测系统具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的气象监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 模块监测当前环境的温湿度；借助光照检测模块获取环境光照强度；利用格雷码型风向传感器监测环境风向；通过 “小型直流有刷电机 + 三杯式旋转风杯” 组成的风速监测模块测量环境风速；依靠 BMP180 气压监测模块检测当前环境大气压；通过 GP2Y1014AU 模块监测环境粉尘浓度；利用噪声模块（声音检测 — 模拟量）获取环境噪声值；借助 PH4502C 监测模块测量水的 PH 值；通过单片机 RTC 内部时钟获取当前时间；用户可通过按键设置参数阈值，当监测值超出设置范围时，系统进行声光报警；同时，系统通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据，并将监测数据通过 WiFi 模块（ESP8266 – 12F）传输到手机端，方便用户远程查看。
该气象监测系统的作用在于，为用户提供了一种全面、便捷、实时的环境气象参数监测工具。通过多维度监测、及时报警及远程数据传输，能够帮助用户随时掌握环境状况，为农业生产调控、环境质量评估、灾害提前预警等工作提供数据支持，进而保障相关工作的顺利开展，提升对环境的管控能力。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；气象监测系统；多参数监测；WiFi 数据传输；声光报警
Design of Meteorological Monitoring System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the increasing demand for environmental monitoring and the emphasis on accurate acquisition of meteorological data, comprehensive and real-time grasp of environmental meteorological parameters has become an important requirement in fields such as scientific research, production, life, and environmental protection. If various meteorological indicators cannot be monitored in a timely and accurate manner, it may have adverse effects on agricultural production, environmental assessment, disaster warning and other work. Therefore, developing a multifunctional and high-precision meteorological monitoring system is of great significance.
This design proposes a meteorological monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: monitoring the temperature and humidity of the current environment through the DHT11 module; Using a light detection module to obtain ambient light intensity; Using Gray code wind direction sensors to monitor environmental wind direction; Measure environmental wind speed using a wind speed monitoring module consisting of a small DC brushed motor and a three cup rotating wind cup; Relying on the BMP180 air pressure monitoring module to detect the current ambient atmospheric pressure; Monitor environmental dust concentration through GP2Y1014AU module; Utilize the noise module (sound detection analog) to obtain environmental noise values; Measure the pH value of water using the PH4502C monitoring module; Obtain the current time through the internal clock of the microcontroller RTC; Users can set parameter thresholds through buttons. When the monitoring value exceeds the set range, the system will sound and light an alarm; At the same time, the system displays various monitoring data in real time through an OLED display screen, and transmits the monitoring data to the mobile phone through a WiFi module (ESP8266-12F), making it convenient for users to view remotely.
The purpose of this meteorological monitoring system is to provide users with a comprehensive, convenient, and real-time tool for monitoring environmental meteorological parameters. Through multi-dimensional monitoring, timely alarm and remote data transmission, it can help users grasp the environmental conditions at any time, provide data support for agricultural production regulation, environmental quality assessment, disaster early warning and other work, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of related work and enhancing the ability to control the environment.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Meteorological monitoring system; Multi parameter monitoring; WiFi data transmission; audible and visual alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 风向检测模块电路设计
3.6 风速检测模块电路设计
3.7 气压检测模块电路设计
3.8 粉尘浓度检测模块电路设计
3.9 噪声检测模块电路设计
3.10 PH 值检测模块电路设计
3.11 RTC 时钟模块电路设计
3.12 按键模块电路设计
3.13 声光报警模块电路设计
3.14 OLED 显示模块电路设计
3.15 WiFi 传输模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.7 GP2Y10模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数监测与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.3 参数阈值设置与声光报警功能测试
5.4 WiFi 数据传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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