设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着生活品质的提升和对舒适居住、办公环境需求的增加，温度的智能调控成为日常场景中的重要需求。在家庭、小型办公空间等场景中，传统风扇需手动调节风速，无法根据环境温度自动适配，且无人时持续运转易造成能源浪费；若温度骤升时未能及时调整风速，还可能影响用户体感舒适度。因此，研发一种能自动响应温度变化、兼顾节能与便捷控制的温控风扇十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的温控风扇。系统主要功能包括：通过 DS18B20 温度传感器实时测量当前环境温度，当温度处于 “设置最小值 – 最小值与最大值中间值” 区间时，启动风扇以一档速度转动；当温度处于 “中间值 – 设置最大值” 区间时，风扇切换至二档速度；当温度超过设置最大值时，风扇以三档最高速度运转；通过 MX1508 驱动芯片结合 PWM 技术实现风扇转速的精准调节；借助 D203S 人体红外传感器检测区域内是否有人，无人时自动关闭风扇以节约能源；用户可通过按键设置温度阈值（最小值、最大值）、手动控制风扇风速档位，还能切换自动 / 手动工作模式；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示当前温度值、风扇转速档位、人体检测状态及工作模式。
该温控风扇的作用在于，为用户提供了一种智能、节能且便捷的温度调节工具。通过温度与人体存在的双重检测与自动响应，既能根据环境温度适配舒适风速，又能避免无人时的能源浪费；手动控制与参数设置功能则满足了用户的个性化需求，整体提升了风扇使用的舒适度与实用性。
关键词：单片机；温控风扇；温度检测；PWM 调速
Temperature controlled fan based on microcontroller
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards and the increasing demand for comfortable living and working environments, intelligent temperature control has become an important requirement in daily scenarios. In scenarios such as homes and small office spaces, traditional fans require manual adjustment of wind speed, which cannot automatically adapt to the ambient temperature, and continuous operation without people can easily cause energy waste; If the wind speed is not adjusted in a timely manner when the temperature suddenly rises, it may also affect the user’s comfort level. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a temperature controlled fan that can automatically respond to temperature changes and balance energy saving and convenient control.
This design proposes a temperature controlled fan based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time measurement of the current ambient temperature through the DS18B20 temperature sensor, and when the temperature is in the range of “set minimum value – the middle value between the minimum and maximum values”, starting the fan to rotate at one speed; When the temperature is in the range of “intermediate value – set maximum value”, the fan switches to second speed; When the temperature exceeds the set maximum value, the fan runs at the highest speed in three levels; Realize precise adjustment of fan speed through MX1508 driver chip combined with PWM technology; Using the D203S human infrared sensor to detect whether there are people in the area, and automatically turning off the fan when there are no people to save energy; Users can set temperature thresholds (minimum and maximum), manually control fan speed levels, and switch between automatic/manual working modes through buttons; Real time display of current temperature value, fan speed gear, human detection status, and working mode through OLED display screen.
The function of this temperature controlled fan is to provide users with an intelligent, energy-saving, and convenient temperature adjustment tool. Through dual detection and automatic response of temperature and human presence, it can adapt to comfortable wind speed according to environmental temperature and avoid energy waste when there is no one around; The manual control and parameter setting functions meet the personalized needs of users, and overall improve the comfort and practicality of fan use.
Keywords：microcontroller; Temperature controlled fan; Temperature detection; PWM speed regulation
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 人体感应模块电路设计
3.5 执行驱动模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 直流电机-MX1508驱动模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温度检测与多档位调速功能测试
5.3 人体感应节能功能测试
5.4 按键交互与参数设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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