设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着矿业开采向深部与复杂环境推进，矿井内温湿度失衡、瓦斯浓度超标等问题已成为威胁矿工生命安全与生产效率的关键隐患。瓦斯作为矿井常见易燃易爆气体，其浓度若超过安全阈值且未及时处理，易引发爆炸事故；温湿度异常则可能影响设备正常运行与矿工身体健康，因此，研发一套能实时、精准监测矿井环境参数并具备自动预警与控制功能的系统，对保障矿井安全生产意义重大。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的矿井环境检测报警系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 传感器实时检测矿井内温湿度数据；借助 MQ-4 传感器采集瓦斯浓度，当浓度超过预设最大值时，系统驱动继电器启动风扇进行通风，并触发声光报警模块发出警示，待浓度降至最大值以下时，自动关闭通风与报警；用户可通过按键手动设置温湿度、瓦斯浓度等参数的阈值，也可手动控制风扇启停；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示温湿度、瓦斯浓度等测量值及设备运行状态；同时，系统通过 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块将实时环境数据传输至手机端，用户也可在手机端远程设置各项参数阈值与控制风扇通风。
该矿井环境检测报警系统的作用在于，为矿井安全生产提供了一套实时监测、自动预警、便捷控制的解决方案。通过对瓦斯浓度的精准监测与及时干预，能有效降低瓦斯爆炸风险；温湿度监测与远程控制功能，既保障了矿工工作环境安全，又提升了矿井环境管理的灵活性与效率，为矿井安全生产筑牢防线。
关键词：：STM32F103C8T6；矿井环境；瓦斯浓度监测；温湿度检测；WIFI 远程控制
Mine environment detection and alarm system
Abstract
With the advancement of mining towards deeper and more complex environments, issues such as temperature and humidity imbalance and excessive gas concentration in mines have become key hidden dangers that threaten the safety and production efficiency of miners. Gas, as a common flammable and explosive gas in mines, can easily cause explosion accidents if its concentration exceeds the safety threshold and is not treated in a timely manner; Abnormal temperature and humidity may affect the normal operation of equipment and the health of miners. Therefore, developing a system that can monitor mine environmental parameters in real-time and accurately, and has automatic warning and control functions, is of great significance for ensuring mine safety production.
This design proposes a mine environment detection and alarm system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of temperature and humidity data in the mine through DHT11 sensors; Using MQ-4 sensors to collect gas concentration, when the concentration exceeds the preset maximum value, the system drives the relay to start the fan for ventilation and triggers the sound and light alarm module to issue a warning. When the concentration drops below the maximum value, the ventilation and alarm are automatically turned off; Users can manually set the threshold values for parameters such as temperature, humidity, and gas concentration through buttons, and can also manually control the start and stop of the fan; Real time display of measured values such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, and equipment operating status through OLED display screens; At the same time, the system transmits real-time environmental data to the mobile phone through the ESP8266-12F WIFI module, and users can also remotely set various parameter thresholds and control fan ventilation on the mobile phone.
The function of the mine environment detection and alarm system is to provide a real-time monitoring, automatic warning, and convenient control solution for mine safety production. By precise monitoring and timely intervention of gas concentration, the risk of gas explosion can be effectively reduced; The temperature and humidity monitoring and remote control functions not only ensure the safety of miners’ working environment, but also enhance the flexibility and efficiency of mine environmental management, laying a solid defense line for mine safety production.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Mine environment; Gas concentration monitoring; Temperature and humidity detection; WIFI remote contro
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境检测模块电路设计
3.4 执行控制模块电路设计
3.5 人机交互模块电路设计
3.6 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.7 瓦斯检测模块子流程设计
4.8 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度与瓦斯浓度检测及显示功能测试
5.3 瓦斯浓度超标与通风报警联动功能测试
5.4 按键阈值设置与风扇手动控制功能测试
5.5 WIFI 远程通信与控制功能测试
5.6 系统综合环境适应性测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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