设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着道路交通事业的快速发展，酒驾引发的交通事故频发，已成为威胁道路交通安全与公众生命财产安全的重要隐患。驾驶员酒后驾车时，判断力、反应能力显著下降，极易出现操作失误，进而导致追尾、碰撞等严重事故，给个人、家庭及社会带来不可挽回的损失。因此，研发一种能实时监测驾驶员酒精浓度、及时阻止酒驾行为的设备，对预防酒驾事故、保障道路安全具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的防酒驾系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 MQ-3 酒精传感器实时监测驾驶员呼出气体中的酒精浓度；当检测到酒精浓度大于预设最大值时，系统立即启动声光报警装置，同时驱动继电器打开车辆锁定功能，阻止车辆启动；用户可通过按键灵活设置酒精浓度的报警阈值，也可通过按键手动控制车辆的开关状态；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示当前酒精浓度的监测值与预设的报警最大值，方便用户直观查看系统状态。
该防酒驾系统的作用在于，为预防酒驾行为提供了一种主动、有效的技术手段。通过实时监测与强制锁车双重防护，能从源头阻止酒后驾车行为，降低酒驾事故发生率；同时，简洁的操作逻辑与清晰的显示功能，适配驾驶员使用场景，为道路交通安全增添重要保障，助力营造安全、有序的交通环境。
关键词：STC89C52；防酒驾系统；MQ-3 酒精检测；声光报警；继电器锁车
Design of Anti Drunk Driving Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the rapid development of road traffic, frequent traffic accidents caused by drunk driving have become an important hidden danger threatening road traffic safety and public life and property safety. When drivers drive under the influence of alcohol, their judgment and reaction abilities significantly decrease, making them prone to operational errors, which can lead to serious accidents such as rear end collisions and collisions, causing irreparable losses to individuals, families, and society. Therefore, developing a device that can monitor the driver’s alcohol concentration in real time and prevent drunk driving behavior in a timely manner is of great practical significance for preventing drunk driving accidents and ensuring road safety.
This design proposes an anti drunk driving system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of the alcohol concentration in the driver’s exhaled breath through the MQ-3 alcohol sensor; When the alcohol concentration is detected to be greater than the preset maximum value, the system immediately activates the sound and light alarm device, and drives the relay to turn off the vehicle locking function, preventing the vehicle from starting; Users can flexibly set the alarm threshold for alcohol concentration through buttons, or manually control the on/off status of the vehicle through buttons; Real time display of the current alcohol concentration monitoring value and the preset maximum alarm value through the LCD1602 display screen, making it convenient for users to intuitively view the system status.
The function of this drunk driving prevention system is to provide an active and effective technical means for preventing drunk driving behavior. Through real-time monitoring and mandatory locking of vehicles, dual protection can be implemented to prevent drunk driving behavior from the source and reduce the incidence of drunk driving accidents; At the same time, the concise operation logic and clear display function are adapted to the driver’s usage scenario, adding important guarantees for road traffic safety and helping to create a safe and orderly traffic environment.
Keywords：STC89C52; Anti drunk driving system; MQ-3 alcohol testing; Sound and light alarm; Relay lock car
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 酒精检测与模数转换模块电路设计
3.4 按键模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
3.7 继电器锁车模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 酒精检测模块子流程设计
4.5 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.6 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.7 ADC模数转换子流程设计
5 仿真绘制与功能测试
5.1 仿真电路绘制
5.2 酒精浓度监测与显示功能测试
5.3 酒精浓度设置功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 继电器锁车与车辆控制功能测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 酒精浓度监测与显示功能测试
6.3 酒精浓度最大值设置功能测试
6.4 声光报警与继电器锁车功能测试
6.5 车辆开关控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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