设计说明书
总字数：10000+
摘要
随着教育事业的蓬勃发展，校车已成为学生日常通勤不可或缺的交通工具，其安全运行直接关系到众多学生的生命安全。然而，校车安全事故的频发，如超速行驶、车内有害气体积聚以及学生上下车管理混乱等问题，凸显了现有校车安全管理的不足，亟待通过技术手段加以改进和强化。本设计聚焦于校车安全监测系统，旨在通过硬件与软件的协同作用，全方位提升校车的安全性与管理效率。硬件部分，精心选用了霍尔传感器精准监测车速，搭配MX1508驱动电机实现车辆的平稳启动；借助MQ-135传感器敏锐捕捉车内有害气体浓度变化；利用RFID技术精准识别学生上下车情况，确保每一名学生的乘车安全；同时，配备OLED显示屏实时呈现关键信息，为驾驶员提供直观的决策依据。软件部分，基于STM32F103C8T6单片机的强大处理能力，精心设计了系统主流程，涵盖车速、有害气体浓度以及学生上下车状态的实时监测与数据处理，并通过声光报警机制及时预警异常情况，全方位保障校车运行安全。该设计的实施，成功攻克了校车安全管理中的诸多难题，有效降低了超速行驶、有害气体中毒以及学生上下车混乱等风险，为学生营造了一个更加安全、可靠的乘车环境，有力推动了校车安全管理的现代化进程，具有显著的社会效益和广泛的应用前景。
关键词：校车安全；车速监测；有害气体；学生上下车；实时显示；声光报警
ABSTRACT
With the vigorous development of the education sector, school buses have become an indispensable means of daily commuting for students, and their safe operation is directly related to the life safety of numerous students. However, the frequent occurrence of school bus safety accidents, such as speeding, accumulation of harmful gases in the cabin, and chaotic management of students’ boarding and alighting, has highlighted the inadequacies of the existing school bus safety management and the urgent need for improvement and reinforcement through technical means. This design focuses on a school bus safety monitoring system, aiming to comprehensively enhance the safety and management efficiency of school buses through the synergy of hardware and software. In terms of hardware, the system carefully selects Hall sensors to accurately monitor vehicle speed and pairs them with MX1508 drive motors to achieve smooth vehicle start-up. It also employs MQ-135 sensors to sensitively detect changes in harmful gas concentrations within the cabin and utilizes RFID technology to precisely identify students’ boarding and alighting, ensuring the safety of every student. Additionally, an OLED display is equipped to present key information in real-time, providing drivers with an intuitive basis for decision-making. On the software side, based on the powerful processing capabilities of the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, the system’s main process has been meticulously designed to cover real-time monitoring and data processing of vehicle speed, harmful gas concentration, and students’ boarding and alighting status. It also features an audio-visual alarm mechanism to promptly warn of abnormal situations and ensure comprehensive safety during school bus operation. The implementation of this design has successfully tackled many challenges in school bus safety management, effectively reducing the risks of speeding, harmful gas poisoning, and chaotic student boarding and alighting. It has created a safer and more reliable riding environment for students and significantly advanced the modernization of school bus safety management, with notable social benefits and broad application prospects.
Keywords: School Bus Safety; Vehicle Speed Monitoring; Harmful Gases; Student Boarding and Alighting; Real-time Display; Audio-visual Alarm
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 车速检测模块方案选择
2.1.3 有害气体检测模块方案选择
2.1.4 学生上下车检测模块方案选择
2.1.5 显示模块方案选择
2.2整体设计方案
第3章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 有害气体检测模块电路
3.3 车速检测模块电路
3.4 学生上下车检测模块电路
3.5 显示模块电路
3.6 声光报警模块电路
第四章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 直流电机-MX1508驱动模块子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 车速检测系统测试
5.3 有害气体检测系统测试
5.4 学生上下车检测系统测试
5.5 总结
第6章 总结与展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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