设计说明书
总字数：13000+
摘要
随着汽车智能化需求的不断增长，传统车窗控制方式已难以满足用户对便捷性、安全性与舒适性的多元要求。在行车过程中，车窗控制不智能导致的夹伤风险、恶劣天气应对不及时、车内温度调节不便等问题日益凸显，迫切需要借助先进技术对车窗控制系统进行升级改造。本设计以 STM32F103C8T6 单片机为核心，通过软硬件协同设计，打造智能化、多功能的车窗控制系统。
硬件层面，采用 4 个 28BYJ-48-5V 步进电机模拟四个车窗运动，配合 5 个按键实现多样化的车窗控制操作；部署 4 个红外对射管构建防夹监测体系，利用雨水检测模块感知天气变化，运用 SU-03T 语音识别模块实现语音交互，借助 DS18B20 温度检测模块实时监测车内温度，各硬件模块各司其职又紧密协作。软件方面，基于单片机强大的数据处理能力，设计了高效的控制程序，精准处理按键输入、传感器数据，实现车窗防夹、雨天自动关窗、温度联动调节以及语音控制等功能，并通过合理的逻辑设计确保系统稳定运行。
该智能车窗系统的成功研发与测试，有效解决了传统车窗控制存在的诸多问题，显著提升了车窗使用的安全性、便捷性与舒适性。系统防夹功能灵敏可靠，能及时避免夹伤事故；雨水检测与自动关窗功能反应迅速，可在雨天快速保护车内环境；温度联动调节与语音控制功能极大方便了用户操作。本设计为汽车车窗智能化发展提供了新的思路与实践范例，对推动汽车智能化进程、提升用户驾乘体验具有重要意义，具备良好的应用价值与市场前景。
关键词：智能车窗系统；红外对射管；防夹；雨水检测；自动关窗；语音识别；温度检测
ABSTRACT
With the continuous growth of the demand for automotive intelligence, traditional window control methods can no longer meet users’ diverse requirements for convenience, safety, and comfort. During driving, problems such as the risk of pinching caused by unintelligent window control, delayed response to adverse weather, and inconvenience in adjusting the interior temperature have become increasingly prominent. There is an urgent need to upgrade and transform the window control system with the help of advanced technologies. This design takes the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller as the core and creates an intelligent and multifunctional window control system through the collaborative design of hardware and software.
In terms of hardware, four 28BYJ-48-5V stepper motors are used to simulate the movement of the four windows, and five buttons are combined to achieve diversified window control operations. Four infrared emitter-detector pairs are deployed to construct an anti-pinch monitoring system. A rain detection module is utilized to sense weather changes, an SU-03T voice recognition module is employed to enable voice interaction, and a DS18B20 temperature detection module is used to monitor the interior temperature in real time. Each hardware module performs its own function while closely cooperating with others. In terms of software, based on the powerful data processing capabilities of the microcontroller, an efficient control program is designed to accurately process button inputs and sensor data, realizing functions such as window anti-pinch, automatic window closing in rainy weather, temperature-linked adjustment, and voice control. A reasonable logic design ensures the stable operation of the system.
The successful development and testing of this intelligent window system have effectively solved many problems existing in traditional window control and significantly improved the safety, convenience, and comfort of window use. The system’s anti-pinch function is sensitive and reliable, which can timely avoid pinching accidents. The rain detection and automatic window closing functions respond quickly, effectively protecting the interior environment in rainy weather. The temperature-linked adjustment and voice control functions greatly facilitate user operation. This design provides new ideas and practical examples for the intelligent development of automotive windows, is of great significance for promoting the process of automotive intelligence and enhancing the driving experience of users, and has good application value and market prospects.
Keywords: Intelligent Window System; Infrared Emitter-Detector Pair; Anti-Pinch; Rain Detection; Automatic Window Closing; Voice Recognition; Temperature Detection
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片
2.1.2 步进电机
2.1.3 按键
2.1.4 语音识别模块
2.1.5 温度检测模块
2.2整体设计方案
第3章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 步进电机驱动模块设计
3.3 按键控制模块设计
3.4 红外对射管防夹模块设计
3.5 雨水检测模块设计
3.6 语音识别模块设计
3.7 温度检测模块设计
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 步进电机子流程
第五章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 步进电机与按键控制功能测试
5.3 红外对射管防夹功能测试
5.4 雨水检测功能测试
5.5 语音识别功能测试
5.6 温度检测功能测试
5.7 总结
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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