设计说明书
总字数：13000+
摘要
随着我国社会经济的快速发展，高层建筑日益增多，电梯成为了人们日常生活中必不可少的垂直交通工具。然而，对于视力障碍者来说，使用电梯仍然存在诸多不便。为了改善这一状况，本文提出了一种基于单片机的盲人电梯出行无障碍辅助设计。
该设计旨在为视力障碍者提供安全、便捷的电梯使用方式。电梯内部控制通过楼层键和开关门键实现，还设有紧急停车、求救按钮等外部控制。使用四相步进电机模拟电梯门和升降，实时监测电机转速得知电梯当前楼层。采用hx711传感器检测电梯内重量，超载时蜂鸣器报警，电梯不关门。使用分离式红外对管模拟防夹功能，避免夹人。LED灯和数码管显示电梯上下行状态和当前楼层。设计中还包含语音识别模块，用户可通过语音控制电梯开关和选择楼层。到达目标楼层时，系统自动播报当前楼层，方便视力障碍者了解电梯运行状态。
经过实物测试，此次设计的盲人出行无障碍电梯，可以帮人盲人无障碍进行外出。
关键词：单片机；盲人电梯；语音播报；传感器；语音控制
Abstract
With the rapid development of China’s social economy, the number of high-rise buildings is increasing, and the elevator has become an indispensable vertical transportation tool in People’s Daily life. However, for the visually impaired, there are still many inconveniences in using elevators. In order to improve this situation, this paper puts forward an assistance-free design of elevator travel for the blind based on single chip computer.
The design aims to provide a safe and convenient way for visually impaired people to use the elevator. The internal control of the elevator is realized through the floor key and the opening and closing key, and the external control such as emergency parking and distress button is also provided. The four-phase stepper motor is used to simulate the elevator door and lift, and the current floor of the elevator is known by real-time monitoring of the motor speed. Using hx711 sensor to detect the weight in the elevator, buzzer alarm when overloaded, the elevator does not close the door. Use separate infrared tube to simulate anti-pinch function to avoid pinching. LED lights and digital tube display elevator status and current floor. A voice recognition module is also included in the design, allowing users to control the elevator switch and select the floor by voice. When the target floor is reached, the system automatically announces the current floor, so that the visually impaired can understand the operating status of the elevator.
After the physical test, the design of the blind travel barrier-free elevator can help the blind to go out without obstacles.
Keywords: MCU; Elevator for the blind; Voice broadcast; Sensor; Voice control
目 录
1 引言
2 盲人辅助电梯系统总体设计方案
2.1 盲人辅助电梯各模块设计方案
2.1.1 单片机主控模块
2.1.2 显示模块
2.1.3称重模块
2.2 电梯总体设计方案
3 硬件电路设计
3.1 单片机主控模块电路
3.2 传感器模块
3.2.1 分离式红外线对射管模块电路
3.2.2 称重模块电路
3.3 语音模块
3.3.1 语音识别模块电路
3.3.2 语音播报传感器模块电路
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 步进电机驱动模块
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 称重模块HX711模块子流程
4.5 步进电机子流程
5 盲人辅助电梯系统综合调试和结论
5.1 材料清单
5.2 整体实物测试
5.3 整体实物测试
5.4 材料清单
6 总结展望
7 致 谢
8 参考文献
附录
附录1：原理图
附录2：PCB
附录3：主程序
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