设计说明书
总字数：12000+
摘要
随着生鲜行业的快速发展和市场对水果分级需求的增加，高效、精准的水果分拣成为提升生产效率和产品质量的关键环节。传统的人工分拣方式不仅效率低下、劳动强度大，还容易因人为因素导致分拣标准不一致，难以满足规模化生产的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的水果分拣系统，整合了称重模块、舵机、电机驱动芯片、按键及 OLED 显示屏等硬件，实现了多项核心功能：通过称重模块测量水果重量，并依据设定的两个区间（小于 1 千克和大于等于 1 千克）进行分级；当重量小于 1 千克时，启动一个舵机向左将水果拨到左侧传送带，当重量大于等于 1 千克时，启动另一个舵机向右将水果拨到右侧传送带；借助电机驱动芯片驱动两个直流电机模拟传送带运行，实现水果的输送；通过按键可灵活设置水果重量区间；OLED 显示屏实时显示当前水果的重量和不同等级水果的重量区间。
该系统的实现，有效提升了水果分拣的自动化和精准度，减少了人工干预，确保了分拣标准的一致性，为水果生产加工环节提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时也为类似农产品分拣设备的研发提供了有益参考，具有一定的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；水果分拣系统；称重模块；自动分拣；OLED 显示
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the fresh food industry and the increasing market demand for fruit grading, efficient and accurate fruit sorting has become a key link in improving production efficiency and product quality. The traditional manual sorting method is not only inefficient and labor-intensive, but also prone to inconsistent sorting standards due to human factors, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production.
The fruit sorting system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer integrates hardware such as weighing modules, servos, motor driver chips, buttons and OLED displays, and realizes several core functions: measuring the weight of fruits through the weighing module, and grading according to two set intervals (less than 1 kg and more than or equal to 1 kg); when the weight is less than 1 kg, start one servo to move left to push the fruit to the left conveyor belt; when the weight is more than or equal to 1 kg, start another servo to move right to push the fruit to the right conveyor belt; drive two DC motors to simulate the operation of the conveyor belt with the help of motor driver chips to realize the transportation of fruits; the fruit weight intervals can be flexibly set through buttons; the OLED display screen shows the weight of the current fruit and the weight intervals of different grades of fruits in real time.
The realization of this system effectively improves the automation and accuracy of fruit sorting, reduces manual intervention, ensures the consistency of sorting standards, provides an efficient and reliable solution for the fruit production and processing link, and also provides a useful reference for the research and development of similar agricultural product sorting equipment, which has certain practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Fruit sorting system; Weighing module; Automatic sorting; OLED display
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
第 2 章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 称重模块选择
2.1.3 舵机选择
2.1.4 电机驱动模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.1.6 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 称重模块电路
3.3 舵机模块电路
3.4 电机驱动模块电路
3.5 显示模块电路
3.6 按键模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.2 OLED显示子流程设计
4.3 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 称重模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 称重模块功能测试
5.3 舵机分拣功能测试
5.4 电机驱动与传送带功能测试
5.5 按键设置与显示功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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