设计说明书
总字数：12000+
摘要
随着各类场所火灾隐患的增多以及对消防安全要求的提高，快速、精准的初期火灾扑救成为减少人员伤亡和财产损失的关键环节。传统的灭火方式往往依赖人工发现和操作，存在反应滞后、灭火不及时的问题，难以应对近距离突发火灾的紧急情况。
基于单片机的近距离触发式灭火装置，整合了火焰传感器、灭火执行机构、触发模块、蜂鸣器及 LCD 显示屏等硬件，实现了多项核心功能：通过火焰传感器实时监测近距离范围内的火焰信号，并依据设定的触发阈值（火焰强度达到设定值）启动灭火程序；当检测到火焰信号符合触发条件时，灭火执行机构迅速动作，释放灭火介质进行灭火；触发模块可灵活设置火焰检测的灵敏度和触发距离；蜂鸣器在检测到火焰时发出警报声，提醒周围人员；LCD 显示屏实时显示当前火焰检测状态、触发阈值及装置运行信息。
该装置的实现，有效提升了近距离火灾扑救的及时性和准确性，减少了人工响应的依赖，为各类场所的初期火灾防控提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时也为类似安全防护设备的研发提供了有益参考，具有一定的实际应用价值。
关键词：单片机；近距离触发；灭火装置；火焰传感器；自动灭火
ABSTRACT
With the increase of fire hazards in various places and the improvement of requirements for fire safety, rapid and accurate initial fire fighting has become a key link in reducing casualties and property losses. Traditional fire-fighting methods often rely on manual detection and operation, which have problems such as delayed response and untimely fire extinguishing, making it difficult to deal with emergency situations of close-range sudden fires.
The close-range triggered fire-extinguishing device based on a single-chip microcomputer integrates hardware such as a flame sensor, a fire-extinguishing actuator, a trigger module, a buzzer, and an LCD display, and realizes several core functions: real-time monitoring of flame signals within a short range through the flame sensor, and starting the fire-extinguishing program according to the set trigger threshold (when the flame intensity reaches the set value); when the detected flame signal meets the trigger conditions, the fire-extinguishing actuator acts quickly to release fire-extinguishing media for fire extinguishing; the trigger module can flexibly set the sensitivity and trigger distance of flame detection; the buzzer emits an alarm sound when a flame is detected to remind surrounding personnel; the LCD display shows the current flame detection status, trigger threshold, and device operation information in real time.
The realization of this device effectively improves the timeliness and accuracy of close-range fire fighting, reduces the reliance on manual response, provides an efficient and reliable solution for initial fire prevention and control in various places, and also provides a useful reference for the research and development of similar safety protection equipment, which has certain practical application value.
Keywords:Single-chip microcomputer; Close-range triggering; Fire-extinguishing device; Flame sensor; Automatic fire extinguishing
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 超声波测距模块选择
2.1.3 温度检测模块选择
2.1.4 显示模块选择
2.1.5 继电器模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 超声波测距模块电路
3.3 温度检测模块电路
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 继电器模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 按键函数子流程设计
4.4 LCD1602液晶显示子流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 超声波检测子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 超声波测距模块功能测试
5.3 温度检测模块功能测试
5.4 继电器与水泵功能测试
5.5 显示模块功能测试
5.6 按键功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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