设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着城市高层建筑的普及和人员流动的增加，电梯的安全运行成为保障人员出行的关键环节。传统电梯在超载检测、关门保护等方面存在响应滞后、功能单一的问题，难以应对复杂场景下的安全需求，如超载运行、关门夹人等隐患，严重影响乘坐安全性和可靠性。
基于 STC89C52 单片机的电梯超载与保护系统，整合了 HX711 称重模块、红外对管、GSM 模块、LCD1602 显示模块、蜂鸣器、LED 指示灯及按键等硬件，实现了多项核心功能：通过 HX711 称重模块检测电梯是否超载，超载时电梯不关门且蜂鸣器报警；借助红外对管检测关门过程中是否有人或物品，检测到则电梯开门不关闭并触发蜂鸣器提醒；若检测到有人被卡住，通过 GSM 模块发送短信至管理人员报警，同时蜂鸣器持续报警；LCD1602 显示模块实时显示楼层和超载状态；LED 指示灯指示电梯运行方向；系统模拟三层电梯的运行逻辑。
该系统的实现，有效提升了电梯运行的安全性和智能化水平，通过多维度保护机制避免了超载、夹人等安全隐患，为电梯安全管理提供了可靠的解决方案，同时也为类似特种设备保护系统的研发提供了参考，具有一定的实际应用价值。
关键词：STC89C52；电梯超载与保护系统；HX711 称重模块；安全监测；GSM 报警
ABSTRACT
With the popularization of urban high-rise buildings and the increase in personnel flow, the safe operation of elevators has become a key link in ensuring people’s travel. Traditional elevators have problems such as delayed response and single function in overload detection and door-closing protection, which are difficult to meet safety requirements in complex scenarios, such as hidden dangers of overload operation and door-closing pinching, seriously affecting riding safety and reliability.
The elevator overload and protection system based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer integrates hardware such as HX711 weighing module, infrared pair tube, GSM module, LCD1602 display module, buzzer, LED indicator light and buttons, and realizes several core functions: detecting whether the elevator is overloaded through HX711 weighing module, and when overloaded, the elevator does not close and the buzzer alarms; using infrared pair tube to detect whether there are people or objects during the door-closing process, and if detected, the elevator opens without closing and triggers the buzzer to remind; if it is detected that someone is stuck, send a short message to the management personnel through the GSM module for alarm, and the buzzer alarms at the same time; LCD1602 display module displays the floor and overload status in real time; LED indicator light indicates the running direction of the current elevator; the system simulates the operation logic of a three-story elevator.
The realization of this system effectively improves the safety and intelligence level of elevator operation. It avoids potential safety hazards such as overload operation and pinching through multi-dimensional protection mechanisms, provides a reliable solution for elevator safety management, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar special equipment protection systems, which has certain practical application value.
Keywords:STC89C52; Elevator overload and protection system; HX711 weighing module; Safety monitoring; GSM alarm
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第 2 章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 称重模块选择
2.1.3 红外检测模块选择
2.1.4 通信模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.1.6 报警模块选择
2.1.7 方向指示模块选择
2.1.8 楼层控制模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 称重模块电路
3.3 红外检测模块电路
3.4 GSM 模块电路
3.5 显示模块电路
3.6 报警模块电路
3.7 方向指示模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 电机驱动模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.4 矩阵键盘子流程设计
4.5 称重模块子流程设计
4.6 LED灯亮度调节子流程设计
4.7 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.8 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 称重模块功能测试
5.3 红外检测模块功能测试
5.4 GSM 模块功能测试
5.5 显示与方向指示模块功能测试
5.6 报警模块功能测试
5.7 按键与电机驱动模块功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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