设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着电子商务的蓬勃发展和快递行业的井喷式增长，末端配送环节的效率与便捷性成为提升用户体验的关键。传统快递配送模式面临着人力成本高、配送时间冲突、货物安全保障不足等问题，智能快递柜作为解决这些痛点的重要方案，其自动化、智能化水平的提升尤为迫切。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能快递柜设计，集成了丰富的硬件模块与实用功能，为快递存取提供了高效便捷的解决方案。系统核心功能包括：通过 4 个继电器分别驱动 4 个电磁锁，实现对 4 个柜体的独立开关控制；借助 DS18B20 温度传感器与 MQ-135 气体传感器实时监测柜内环境，当温度或气体浓度超过通过按键设定的阈值时，立即触发声光报警，保障货物安全；利用单片机内部 RTC 实时时钟模块获取并显示时间，且支持通过按键进行时间修正；配备 4*4 矩阵键盘，可实现快递柜编号输入、8 位取件码设置及手机号录入等操作，满足存取件的交互需求；通过 SIM900A GSM 模块，对超过 24 小时未取的快递，在每日 12:00 自动发送提醒短信至用户手机；搭载 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块，支持用户通过手机端远程查看快递柜使用状态，并可远程控制柜门的开关；同时，OLED 显示屏实时展示时间及各类操作信息，提升用户交互体验。
该系统的实现，有效提升了快递末端配送的自动化与智能化水平，降低了人力成本，增强了货物存放的安全性与便捷性，为解决快递配送 “最后一公里” 难题提供了可靠的技术支撑，也为智能仓储设备的进一步研发提供了有益参考，具有较强的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能快递柜；环境监测；远程控制；自动提醒
ABSTRACT
With the vigorous development of e-commerce and the explosive growth of the express delivery industry, the efficiency and convenience of the last-mile delivery link have become crucial to improving user experience. The traditional express delivery mode is faced with problems such as high labor costs, conflicts in delivery time, and insufficient security of goods. As an important solution to these pain points, the improvement of the automation and intelligence level of intelligent express cabinets is particularly urgent.
The design of the intelligent express cabinet based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer integrates rich hardware modules and practical functions, providing an efficient and convenient solution for express storage and retrieval. The core functions of the system include: 4 relays are used to drive 4 electromagnetic locks respectively to realize independent switch control of 4 cabinets; DS18B20 temperature sensor and MQ-135 gas sensor are used to monitor the internal environment of the cabinet in real time. When the temperature or gas concentration exceeds the threshold set by the button, an acousto-optic alarm is triggered immediately to ensure the safety of goods; the internal RTC real-time clock module of the single-chip microcomputer is used to obtain and display the time, and the time can be corrected through the button; a 4*4 matrix keyboard is equipped to realize operations such as inputting the express cabinet number, setting the 8-digit pickup code, and entering the mobile phone number, meeting the interactive needs of storing and picking up items; through the SIM900A GSM module, for express items that have not been picked up for more than 24 hours, a reminder text message is automatically sent to the user’s mobile phone at 12:00 every day; the ESP8266-12F WIFI module is installed to support users to remotely check the usage status of the express cabinet through the mobile phone, and can remotely control the opening and closing of the cabinet door; at the same time, the OLED display screen displays time and various operation information in real time, improving the user interaction experience.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the automation and intelligence level of the last-mile express delivery, reduced labor costs, enhanced the safety and convenience of goods storage, provided reliable technical support for solving the “last mile” problem of express delivery, and also provided a useful reference for the further research and development of intelligent storage equipment, with strong practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent express cabinet; Environmental monitoring; Remote control; Automatic reminder
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 继电器与电磁锁选择
2.1.3 环境传感器选择
2.1.4 通信模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.1.6 键盘模块选择
2.1.7 声光报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 继电器与电磁锁电路模块
3.3 环境监测电路模块
3.4 通信电路模块
3.5 键盘电路模块
3.6 显示电路模块
3.7 声光报警电路模块
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温度检测模块子流程
4.4 矩阵键盘子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.7 GSM模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 继电器与电磁锁功能测试
5.3 环境监测与声光报警功能测试
5.4 矩阵键盘与存取操作功能测试
5.5 GSM 模块短信发送功能测试
5.6 WIFI 模块远程控制功能测试
5.7 OLED 显示功能测试
5.8 RTC 时钟功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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