设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
随着现代农业的快速发展和对农作物生长环境精准调控需求的增加，高效、智能的大棚环境监控成为提升作物产量和品质的关键环节。传统的人工监控方式不仅效率低下、劳动强度大，还难以实时精准地掌握大棚内各项环境参数，难以满足现代化农业生产的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的大棚监控系统，整合了 DS18B20 温度检测模块、土壤湿度检测模块、DHT11 温湿度检测模块、SGP30 二氧化碳检测模块、光敏电阻 5516、按键、OLED 液晶显示模块、WiFi 模块 ESP8266、继电器、步进电机等硬件，实现了多项核心功能：通过各类检测模块分别检测土壤温度、土壤湿度、环境温湿度、CO₂浓度和光照强度；根据检测到的参数与设定阈值的对比，自动控制通风风扇、加热继电器、浇水继电器、补光继电器、步进电机等设备进行相应操作；通过按键可设置参数阈值，也能控制各设备的开关；OLED 液晶显示模块实时显示实时检测值和设置值；借助 WiFi 模块 ESP8266 将数据远程传输到手机端，实现手机端对参数阈值的设置及各设备的远程控制。
该系统的实现，有效提升了大棚环境监控的自动化和精准度，减少了人工干预，确保了大棚内环境参数的稳定适宜，为农作物生长提供了良好的环境，同时也为类似农业大棚监控设备的研发提供了有益参考，具有一定的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；大棚监控系统；传感器；自动控制；远程传输
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of modern agriculture and the increasing demand for precise regulation of crop growth environments, efficient and intelligent greenhouse environment monitoring has become a key link in improving crop yield and quality. The traditional manual monitoring method is not only inefficient and labor-intensive, but also difficult to grasp various environmental parameters in the greenhouse in real time and accurately, which is hard to meet the needs of modern agricultural production.
The greenhouse monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer integrates hardware such as DS18B20 temperature detection module, soil moisture detection module, DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module, SGP30 carbon dioxide detection module, photoresistor 5516, buttons, OLED liquid crystal display module, WiFi module ESP8266, relays, stepper motors, etc., and realizes a number of core functions: detecting soil temperature, soil moisture, ambient temperature and humidity, CO₂ concentration and light intensity through various detection modules respectively; according to the comparison between the detected parameters and the set thresholds, automatically controlling equipment such as ventilation fans, heating relays, watering relays, supplementary light relays and stepper motors to perform corresponding operations; parameters thresholds can be set through buttons, and the on/off of each device can also be controlled; the OLED liquid crystal display module displays real-time detected values and set values; with the help of WiFi module ESP8266, data is remotely transmitted to the mobile phone terminal, enabling the mobile phone terminal to set parameter thresholds and remotely control each device.
The realization of this system effectively improves the automation and accuracy of greenhouse environment monitoring, reduces manual intervention, ensures the stability and suitability of environmental parameters in the greenhouse, provides a good environment for crop growth, and also provides a useful reference for the research and development of similar agricultural greenhouse monitoring equipment, which has certain practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Greenhouse monitoring system; Sensors; Automatic control; Remote transmission
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 土壤温度检测模块选择
2.1.3 土壤湿度检测模块选择
2.1.4 环境温湿度检测模块选择
2.1.5 二氧化碳检测模块选择
2.1.6 光照强度检测模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 无线传输模块选择
2.1.9 按键模块选择
2.1.10 执行模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 土壤温度检测模块电路
3.3 土壤湿度检测模块电路
3.4 环境温湿度检测模块电路
3.5 二氧化碳检测模块电路
3.6 光照强度检测模块电路
3.7 执行设备控制电路
3.7.1 继电器控制电路
3.7.2 步进电机控制电路
3.8 显示模块电路
3.9 无线传输模块电路
3.10 按键模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键子流程设计
4.4、温度检测子流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测子流程设计
4.6 OLED显示子流程设计
4.7二氧化碳检测子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 传感器功能测试
5.3 执行设备功能测试
5.4 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.5 无线传输功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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