设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘要：随着城市交通的快速发展和汽车保有量的不断增加，高效、便捷的停车场管理成为提升城市交通效率的关键环节。传统的停车场管理多依赖人工收费和手动记录车位，不仅效率低下、人力成本高，还容易出现车位信息混乱、缴费排队等问题，难以满足现代城市对停车场智能化管理的需求。
基于单片机的智能停车场管理系统，整合了车位检测传感器、RFID 识别模块、OLED 显示屏、按键及 WiFi 模块等硬件，实现了多项核心功能：通过车位检测传感器实时监测车位占用情况；借助 RFID 识别模块实现车辆进出自动识别；按键可设置收费标准等参数；OLED 显示屏实时显示空余车位数、车辆进出时间等信息；WiFi 模块将数据传输至手机端，用户可远程查看车位信息并完成缴费。当车位满时，系统自动禁止车辆进入；车辆离场时，根据停留时间自动计算费用。
该系统的实现，有效提升了停车场管理的效率和精准度，实现了车位信息的实时更新和自动化收费，减少了人工干预，为车主提供了便捷的停车体验，同时也为停车场运营方节省了人力成本，对于缓解城市停车难问题、提升交通管理水平具有重要意义，在城市停车场、商业综合体等场景具有广泛的应用前景。
关键词：智能停车场；单片机；车位检测；自动识别；远程管理；收费系统
Abstract:With the rapid development of urban transportation and the continuous increase in car ownership, efficient and convenient parking lot management has become a key link in improving urban traffic efficiency. Traditional parking lot management mostly relies on manual toll collection and manual recording of parking spaces, which is not only inefficient and labor-intensive, but also prone to problems such as chaotic parking space information and queuing for payment, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern cities for intelligent parking lot management.
The intelligent parking lot management system based on a single-chip microcomputer integrates hardware such as parking space detection sensors, RFID identification modules, OLED displays, buttons, and WiFi modules, realizing several core functions: real-time monitoring of parking space occupancy through parking space detection sensors; automatic identification of vehicle entry and exit with the help of RFID identification modules; buttons for setting parameters such as toll standards; OLED displays for real-time display of information such as the number of available parking spaces and vehicle entry and exit times; WiFi modules for transmitting data to the mobile phone terminal, allowing users to view parking space information and set parameter thresholds remotely. When the parking lot is full, the system automatically prohibits vehicles from entering; when a vehicle leaves, the fee is automatically calculated based on the parking duration.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the efficiency and accuracy of parking lot management, realized real-time updates of parking space information and automatic toll collection, reduced manual intervention, provided car owners with a convenient parking experience, and saved labor costs for parking lot operators. It is of great significance for alleviating urban parking difficulties and improving traffic management levels, and has broad application prospects in urban parking lots, commercial complexes and other scenarios.
Keywords: Intelligent parking lot; Single-chip microcomputer; Parking space detection; Automatic identification; Remote management; Toll system
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景与意义
1.2 国内外发展历程
1.3研究目标及预期功能
2 设计思路与方案选择
2.1整体设计方案
2.2 主要元器件选择
2.2.1 主控模块方案选择
2.2.2 车辆检测模块方案选择
2.2.3 车位检测模块方案选择
2.2.4 计时模块方案选择
2.2.5 显示模块方案选择
2.2.6 报警模块方案选择
2.2.7 按键模块方案选择
3 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 车辆检测模块电路
3.3 车位检测模块电路
3.4 时钟与计费模块电路
3.5 显示模块电路
3.6 声光报警模块电路
3.7 独立按键模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键子流程设计
4.4 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.5 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.6 时钟模块子流程设计
4.7 超声波检测模块子流程设计
5 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 车辆进出检测实物测试
5.3 车位检测与报警实物测试
5.4 时钟与计费功能实物测试
5.6 显示功能实物测试
总结与展望
5.1 总结
5.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一 原理图
附录二 PCB
附录三 主程序
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