设计说明书
总字数：24000+
基于物联网的牲畜健康监测系统的设计与实现
摘要
规模化畜禽养殖场景下，牲畜体温、心率、活动量是判断牲畜生理健康、疫病前兆的核心指标。传统人工巡检牲畜健康模式存在监测间隔长、数据记录滞后、人力成本高、无法实时预警患病个体等缺陷，依靠人工记录的静态数据难以实现牲畜健康全天候动态管控。本文提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机与物联网云平台的牲畜健康监测系统设计方案。系统集成非接触红外测温、光电心率采集、六轴运动姿态感知、本地人机交互、WiFi 无线数据上云、自定义安全阈值、云端数据存储分析等核心功能。通过 MLX90614 红外测温传感器、MAX30102 光电传感模块、MPU6050 六轴姿态传感器实时采集牲畜体表温度、实时心率、每日步数与运动消耗卡路里数据，将采集参数与用户预设生理安全阈值自动比对；当牲畜体温、心率超出设定区间时，设备即时触发本地声光报警，快速定位异常牲畜；系统搭载独立按键支持体温、心率上下限阈值自定义调节，搭配 OLED 显示屏实时本地展示全部监测数据；同时通过 WiFi 通信模块将实时监测数据同步上传至阿里云物联网后台，云端可永久存储历史监测记录，支持表格、折线图两种可视化数据查询方式，养殖户可通过手机移动端随时随地查看牲畜健康状态。本系统有效解决传统畜牧人工巡检效率低、健康预警不及时、数据难以长效分析的痛点，实现牲畜生理指标全天候自动采集、异常实时预警、云端可视化管理，大幅提升规模化养殖场智能化防疫与健康管控水平，具备良好的畜牧行业应用价值与推广前景。
关键词：物联网；牲畜健康监测；STM32 单片机；生理参数采集；云端数据管理
In the scenario of large-scale livestock breeding, livestock body temperature, heart rate and activity are core indicators to judge livestock physical health and pre-epidemic signs. The traditional manual inspection mode for livestock health has defects such as long monitoring intervals, lagging data recording, high labor costs and inability to give real-time early warning of sick individuals. Static data recorded manually cannot realize all-weather dynamic management of livestock health. This paper proposes a design scheme of livestock health monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and IoT cloud platform. The system integrates core functions including non-contact infrared temperature measurement, photoelectric heart rate collection, six-axis motion attitude sensing, local human-computer interaction, WiFi wireless data uploading, customizable safety thresholds and cloud data storage and analysis. MLX90614 infrared temperature sensor, MAX30102 photoelectric sensor module and MPU6050 six-axis attitude sensor are used to collect real-time data of livestock surface temperature, heart rate, daily steps and exercise calorie consumption. The collected parameters are automatically compared with the physiological safety thresholds preset by users. When livestock body temperature or heart rate exceeds the set range, the device will immediately trigger local sound and light alarms to quickly locate abnormal livestock. Equipped with independent keys, the system supports custom adjustment of upper and lower limit thresholds of temperature and heart rate, and matches OLED display screen to locally display all monitoring data in real time. Meanwhile, real-time monitoring data are synchronously uploaded to Alibaba Cloud IoT background through WiFi communication module. The cloud platform can permanently store historical monitoring records and support data query in two visualization forms: tables and line charts. Breeders can check livestock health status anytime and anywhere through mobile terminals. This system effectively solves the pain points of low efficiency of traditional livestock manual inspection, untimely health early warning and difficulty in long-term data analysis. It realizes all-weather automatic collection of livestock physiological indicators, real-time abnormal early warning and cloud visual management, greatly improves the intelligent epidemic prevention and health management level of large-scale farms, and has excellent application value and promotion prospects in animal husbandry industry.
Keywords: Internet of Things; Livestock Health Monitoring; STM32 Microcontroller; Physiological Parameter Collection; Cloud Data Management
目 录
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