设计说明书
总字数：28000+
基于单片机的智能家居控制系统设计
摘要
随着智能家居理念快速普及，室内温湿度、烟雾、有害气体、明火火情是影响居家居住安全与舒适度的关键指标。传统居家安防与环境管控大多依靠人工察觉，存在环境隐患发现滞后、缺少多类危险事件同步监测、无法自动告警、缺少远程管控手段等缺陷，依靠人工观察难以实现居家环境安全全天候动态监测。本文提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机与 WiFi 物联网模块的智能家居控制系统设计方案。系统集成温湿度采集、烟雾检测、有害气体检测、火焰明火探测、本地人机交互、WiFi 无线数据上云、自定义安全阈值、云端手机端远程管控、声光报警、继电器灭火执行等核心功能。通过 DHT11 温湿度传感器、MQ 2 烟雾传感器、MQ 1355 有害气体传感器、火焰传感器实时采集室内温湿度、烟雾浓度、有害气体浓度以及明火火情信号，将采集参数与用户预设各项安全阈值自动比对；当温度超出设置上下限、烟雾浓度超限、有害气体浓度超标、检测到明火，上述任意一种危险条件触发时，设备即时触发本地声光报警，OLED 界面同步显示 danger 危险标识，同时闭合灭火继电器；无危险条件时屏幕显示 safe 安全标识。系统搭载独立按键，支持本地对温度、烟雾、有害气体各项阈值自定义调节，同时可以手动控制灭火继电器通断，搭配 OLED 显示屏实时本地展示全部环境测量数据；同时通过 WiFi 通信模块将实时监测数据同步上传至手机端，用户可通过手机移动端随时随地查看室内环境状态，并且能够远程修改各项报警阈值、远程操控灭火继电器。本系统有效解决传统居家安防人工监测效率低、安全隐患预警不及时、无法远程管控的痛点，实现居家环境多源安全参数全天候自动采集、危险事件实时声光报警、本地 手机端双重阈值配置与继电器控制，大幅提升家庭居住环境智能化安防管控水平，具备良好的家居配套应用价值与推广前景。
关键词：智能家居控制系统；STM32 单片机；环境安全监测；气体检测；火焰探测；WiFi 远程管控
With the rapid popularization of smart home concepts, indoor temperature and humidity, smoke, harmful gas and open fire flame are key indicators affecting residential safety and living comfort. Traditional home security and environment control mostly rely on human observation, which has drawbacks such as delayed detection of hidden dangers, lack of synchronous monitoring for multiple hazard events, absence of automatic alarm and remote control means. It is difficult to realize all weather dynamic monitoring of home environmental safety by manual observation. This paper proposes a design scheme of smart home control system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and WiFi IoT module. The system integrates core functions including temperature humidity collection, smoke detection, harmful gas detection, open flame detection, local human computer interaction, WiFi wireless data uploading to cloud, customizable safety thresholds, mobile terminal remote management and control, sound light alarm and fire extinguishing relay execution. DHT11 temperature humidity sensor, MQ 2 smoke sensor, MQ 135 harmful gas sensor and flame sensor are adopted to collect real time indoor data of temperature humidity, smoke concentration, harmful gas concentration and open fire signals. The collected parameters are automatically compared with various safety thresholds preset by users. If any hazardous condition occurs, including temperature out of preset upper lower limits, excessive smoke concentration, excessive harmful gas concentration or detected open fire, the device will immediately trigger local sound light alarm, display “danger” mark on OLED screen and close the fire extinguishing relay. When no hazard exists, the screen shows the “safe” mark. Equipped with independent keys, the system supports local custom adjustment of thresholds for temperature, smoke and harmful gas, as well as manual control of fire extinguishing relay. The OLED display screen shows all measured environmental data in real time locally. Meanwhile, real time monitoring data are synchronously uploaded to mobile terminals through WiFi communication module. Users can check indoor environmental status anytime and anywhere via mobile phones, modify each alarm threshold remotely and control the relay remotely. This system effectively solves the pain points of low efficiency of manual home security monitoring, untimely early warning of potential safety hazards and the lack of remote control. It realizes all weather automatic collection of multi source home environmental safety parameters, real time sound light alarm for dangerous events, dual threshold configuration and relay control both locally and on mobile phones. It greatly improves the intelligent security management level of household living environment, and has favorable supporting application value and promotion prospects for civil households.
Keywords: Smart Home Control System; STM32 Microcontroller; Environmental Safety Monitoring; Gas Detection; Flame Detection; WiFi Remote Control
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