设计说明书
总字数：24000+
基于 STM32 的智能浇花施肥系统设计
摘要
随着现代生活节奏持续加快，家庭园艺与室内绿植养护已成为居民日常休闲的重要方式，花卉植物的生长状态直接影响居家环境美化效果与居住舒适度。土壤湿度、环境光照、施肥浓度是决定植物健康生长的三大核心要素，参数失衡极易造成植物萎蔫、黄叶、烂根甚至死亡。传统家庭绿植养护高度依赖人工定期浇水施肥，存在养护不及时、浇水施肥量难以精准把控、外出期间无法照料等突出问题，依靠人工经验判断的养护模式难以实现植物生长环境的精细化、持续化管控。本文提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机与物联网云平台的智能浇花施肥系统设计方案。系统集成土壤湿度检测、光照强度采集、环境温湿度监测、自动浇灌、自动施肥、本地人机交互、WiFi 无线数据上云、自定义控制阈值、云端手机端远程管控等核心功能。通过土壤湿度传感器、光照传感器、温湿度传感器实时采集盆栽土壤湿度、环境光照强度与空气温湿度数据，将采集参数与用户预设控制阈值自动比对；当土壤湿度低于设定下限值时，系统自动启动水泵完成浇灌作业，直至湿度恢复至适宜区间；当环境光照低于设定下限值时，自动开启补光灯进行光照补偿；系统具备定时施肥功能，可根据用户设定周期自动启动施肥泵完成定量施肥作业。系统搭载独立按键，支持土壤湿度上下限、光照下限、施肥周期等各项控制阈值自定义调节，搭配 OLED 显示屏实时本地展示全部监测数据与设备运行状态；同时通过 WiFi 通信模块将实时监测数据同步上传至云端平台，云端可存储历史监测记录，用户可通过手机移动端随时随地查看植物生长环境状态，并远程修改各项控制阈值、手动启停浇灌与施肥设备。本系统有效解决传统家庭绿植养护依赖人工经验、养护不及时、无法远程管控的痛点，实现植物生长环境全天候自动监测、水肥智能调控、云端可视化管理，大幅提升家庭园艺智能化管护水平，具备良好的家居配套应用价值与推广前景。
关键词：STM32 单片机；智能浇花；自动施肥；土壤湿度检测；物联网云平台
With the continuous acceleration of modern life pace, home gardening and indoor plant maintenance have become important ways of daily leisure for residents. The growth status of flowers and plants directly affects the beautification effect of home environment and living comfort. Soil moisture, ambient light intensity and fertilization concentration are the three core factors determining the healthy growth of plants. Parameter imbalance can easily cause plant wilting, yellow leaves, root rot and even death. Traditional home plant maintenance relies heavily on regular manual watering and fertilization, which has problems such as untimely maintenance, difficulty in accurately controlling the amount of watering and fertilization, and inability to care for plants during going out. The maintenance mode relying on manual experience judgment is difficult to achieve refined and continuous control of plant growth environment. This paper proposes a design scheme of intelligent watering and fertilization system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and IoT cloud platform. The system integrates core functions such as soil moisture detection, light intensity collection, environmental temperature and humidity monitoring, automatic watering, automatic fertilization, local human-computer interaction, WiFi wireless data uploading to cloud, customizable control thresholds, and cloud-based mobile terminal remote control. Through soil moisture sensors, light sensors and temperature and humidity sensors, the system collects real-time data of potted soil moisture, ambient light intensity and air temperature and humidity, and automatically compares the collected parameters with the control thresholds preset by users. When the soil moisture is lower than the set lower limit value, the system automatically starts the water pump to complete the watering operation until the moisture returns to the appropriate range. When the ambient light is lower than the set lower limit value, the fill light is automatically turned on for light compensation. The system has a timing fertilization function, which can automatically start the fertilization pump to complete quantitative fertilization operations according to the cycle set by users. Equipped with independent keys, the system supports custom adjustment of various control thresholds such as upper and lower limits of soil moisture, lower limit of light, and fertilization cycle. An OLED display screen is matched to show all monitoring data and equipment operation status locally in real time. Meanwhile, real-time monitoring data are synchronously uploaded to the cloud platform through the WiFi communication module. The cloud platform can store historical monitoring records. Users can view the plant growth environment status anytime and anywhere through mobile terminals, remotely modify various control thresholds, and manually start and stop watering and fertilization equipment. This system effectively solves the pain points of traditional home plant maintenance relying on manual experience, untimely maintenance and lack of remote control. It realizes all-weather automatic monitoring of plant growth environment, intelligent regulation of water and fertilizer, and cloud-based visual management, greatly improving the intelligent management level of home gardening, and has excellent supporting application value and promotion prospects in the home appliance industry.
Keywords:STM32 Microcontroller; Intelligent Watering; Automatic Fertilization; Soil Moisture Detection; IoT Cloud Platform
目 录
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