设计说明书
总字数：34000+
基于STM32的智能货架设计与实现
摘要
在仓储物流、商超存储及库房物资管理场景中，货架环境温湿度、空气质量、货物重量及货品信息是保障物资存储安全、实现货架智能化管控的核心参数。传统人工货架管理模式存在环境监测滞后、物资信息核对效率低、异常环境无法及时处置、设备管控智能化程度低等问题，难以满足现代化仓储全天候、自动化、智能化的管理需求。本文设计一款基于STM32F103C8T6单片机的智能货架监测与控制系统。系统集成多维度环境监测、货物信息采集、阈值自定义设置、本地数据显示、异常声光报警、设备自动调控及远程无线管控等核心功能。通过DHT11温湿度传感器、MQ-135空气质量传感器实时采集货架存储环境的温湿度与空气质量参数，依托HX71称重模块获取货架货品实时重量，利用RC522 RFID刷卡模块读取货品身份信息；系统支持通过独立按键自定义设置温湿度、空气质量安全阈值，当监测参数超出预设上限时，设备自动触发声光报警，并驱动SRD-05VDC-SL-C继电器模块启动通风风扇，完成环境自动调节。系统搭配OLED显示屏实时本地展示货架环境温湿度、空气质量、货品信息及货品重量等全部监测数据。同时搭载Air780e 4G模块实现监测数据远程传输，可将本地采集的各类数据实时上传至手机端，支持用户通过手机移动端远程控制通风风扇、紫外线消毒灯以及模拟货架门的舵机设备开关状态。本系统有效解决了传统货架管理人工成本高、监测不及时、管控方式单一、智能化水平不足的行业痛点，实现了货架环境参数实时监测、异常自动预警、物资信息精准采集与设备远程智能控制，显著提升了仓储货架的自动化与智能化管理水平，在仓储物资存储与智能管控领域具备较高的应用价值与推广前景。
关键词：智能货架；STM32单片机；环境监测；RFID信息采集；4G远程控制
In the scenarios of warehousing and logistics, supermarket storage and warehouse material management, shelf ambient temperature and humidity, air quality, goods weight and product information are the core parameters to ensure the safety of stored materials and realize intelligent shelf management. The traditional manual shelf management mode has problems such as lagging environmental monitoring, low efficiency of goods information verification, failure to timely dispose of abnormal environments and low intelligent degree of equipment management, which cannot meet the all-weather, automated and intelligent management requirements of modern warehousing. This paper designs an intelligent shelf monitoring and control system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The system integrates core functions including multi-dimensional environmental monitoring, goods information collection, custom threshold setting, local data display, abnormal sound and light alarm, automatic equipment regulation and remote wireless control. The DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor and MQ-135 air quality sensor are adopted to collect real-time temperature, humidity and air quality parameters of the shelf storage environment. The HX71 weighing module is used to obtain the real-time weight of shelf goods, and the RC522 RFID card reading module is applied to read the identity information of goods. The system supports custom setting of safety thresholds for temperature, humidity and air quality through independent keys. When the monitored parameters exceed the preset upper limits, the equipment automatically triggers sound and light alarms, and drives the SRD-05VDC-SL-C relay module to start the ventilation fan for automatic environmental adjustment. Equipped with an OLED display screen, the system locally and real-timely displays all monitored data such as shelf ambient temperature and humidity, air quality, goods information and goods weight. Meanwhile, the Air780e 4G module is deployed to realize remote transmission of monitoring data, which can upload various locally collected data to the mobile terminal in real time. Users can remotely control the switch states of ventilation fans, ultraviolet disinfection lamps and steering gears simulating shelf doors through the mobile terminal. This system effectively solves the industry pain points of traditional shelf management, such as high labor cost, untimely monitoring, single management and control mode and insufficient intelligence level. It realizes real-time monitoring of shelf environmental parameters, automatic abnormal early warning, accurate collection of material information and remote intelligent equipment control, which greatly improves the automation and intelligent management level of warehousing shelves, and has high application value and promotion prospects in the field of warehousing material storage and intelligent management.
Keywords: Smart Shelf; STM32 Microcontroller; Environmental Monitoring; RFID Information Collection; 4G Remote Control
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