设计说明书
总字数：24000+
硬币自动分拣控制系统的设计与实现
摘要
在金融清点、商超收银、自助设备运维等场景中，硬币人工分拣存在分拣效率低、人工误差大、分拣辨识度有限、人力投入成本高的问题，传统分拣方式难以适配大批量、高频次的硬币分类与甄别作业需求。本文设计一款基于STM32F103C8T6单片机的硬币自动分拣控制系统，依托涡流检测与舵机传动技术实现硬币智能化分拣与识别校验。系统以WLO1涡流传感器为核心检测单元，利用不同面值硬币的金属涡流特性差异，精准识别一角、五角、一元三种常规硬币，完成硬币面值判定与真伪初步甄别。系统根据传感器采集的识别信号，联动三路SG90舵机执行对应分拣动作，实现不同面值硬币的自动分类归集；同时搭载OLED显示屏，实时同步展示当前检测硬币的面值金额与真伪状态，实现分拣过程可视化。整套系统以单片机为控制核心，集成信号检测、智能判别、机械执行、数据显示等多功能模块，全程实现硬币识别、分拣、状态显示的自动化运行，无需人工干预。测试结果表明，该系统识别精度高、分拣响应速度快、运行稳定性强，有效解决了传统硬币分拣人工操作繁琐、效率低下、易错漏的痛点，大幅提升硬币分拣作业的自动化与智能化水平，可广泛应用于小型金融设备、自助售货终端、硬币清点设备等场景，具备较高的实用价值与推广应用前景。
关键词：STM32单片机；硬币自动分拣；涡流检测；舵机控制；状态显示
In scenarios such as financial counting, supermarket cashier and self-service equipment operation and maintenance, manual coin sorting has the problems of low sorting efficiency, large manual errors, limited sorting recognition accuracy and high labor cost. Traditional sorting methods are difficult to adapt to the high-frequency and high-volume coin classification and verification operations. This paper designs an automatic coin sorting control system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer, which realizes intelligent coin sorting and identification verification relying on eddy current detection and steering gear transmission technology. Taking the WLO1 eddy current sensor as the core detection unit, the system accurately identifies three conventional coins of one jiao, five jiao and one yuan according to the differences in metal eddy current characteristics of coins with different denominations, and completes the denomination judgment and preliminary authenticity verification of coins. Based on the identification signals collected by the sensor, the system links three SG90 steering gears to perform corresponding sorting actions to realize the automatic classification and collection of coins with different denominations. Meanwhile, it is equipped with an OLED display screen to synchronously display the denomination amount and authenticity status of the currently detected coins in real time, realizing visualization of the sorting process. With the single-chip microcomputer as the core control unit, the entire system integrates multi-functional modules including signal detection, intelligent judgment, mechanical execution and data display, and realizes the automatic operation of coin identification, sorting and status display without manual intervention. The test results show that the system has high identification accuracy, fast sorting response speed and strong operation stability. It effectively solves the pain points of cumbersome manual operation, low efficiency and easy errors and omissions in traditional coin sorting, greatly improves the automation and intelligence level of coin sorting operations, and can be widely used in small financial equipment, self-service vending terminals, coin counting equipment and other scenarios, with high practical value and promotion prospect.
Keywords: STM32 Single-chip Microcomputer; Automatic Coin Sorting; Eddy Current Detection; Steering Gear Control; Status Display
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