设计说明书
总字数：30000+
家用小型智能浇水装置设计
摘要
家庭绿植盆栽养护场景中，环境温湿度、土壤湿度、环境烟雾浓度是保障植物正常生长、规避养护风险的关键参数。传统人工绿植养护模式存在环境参数监测不及时、浇水灌溉凭经验、异常环境状况无法主动预警、远程管护缺失等问题，人工管护的滞后性极易导致植物缺水枯萎、高温高湿损伤或烟雾安全隐患，难以实现家庭绿植精细化、智能化全天候养护。本文设计一款基于STM32F103C8T6单片机的家用小型智能浇水装置，集成环境参数监测、自动灌溉控制、参数阈值自定义、本地数据显示、WiFi无线数据传输、远程视频监控、手机端异常预警等多项核心功能。装置搭载DHT11温湿度传感器、YL69土壤湿度传感器、MQ-2烟雾传感器，实时采集环境温湿度、土壤湿度及环境烟雾浓度数据，依托单片机控制系统完成采集数据与预设阈值的自动比对。当环境温度、湿度或烟雾浓度超出用户设定最大值时，设备联动手机端完成弹窗与震动预警，及时提示环境异常；当土壤湿度低于设定最小值时，系统通过SRD-05VDC-SL-C继电器模块自动启动水泵，完成绿植自动灌溉作业。装置配备独立按键，支持用户自定义设置温度、土壤湿度、烟雾浓度各类安全阈值，搭配OLED显示屏实时本地展示实时监测数据与各项预设阈值参数。同时通过ESP8266 WiFi模块将全部监测数据同步传输至手机端，支持移动端远程修改各项控制阈值、操控水泵启停；搭配V720摄像头模块实现养殖画面远程传输，用户可通过手机APP实时查看绿植生长与养护环境实况。本装置有效解决了传统家庭绿植人工养护主观性强、管控滞后、异常无预警、无法远程管护等痛点，实现绿植生长环境参数实时监测、缺水自动灌溉、环境异常智能预警、远程可视化管控，大幅提升家庭绿植养护的智能化与精细化水平，适配家庭小型绿植养护场景，具备较高的实用价值与普及推广前景。
关键词：智能浇水装置；STM32单片机；环境监测；自动灌溉；远程管控
In the scenario of household green plant potted maintenance, ambient temperature and humidity, soil humidity and ambient smoke concentration are key parameters to ensure the normal growth of plants and avoid maintenance risks. The traditional manual green plant maintenance mode has problems such as untimely environmental parameter monitoring, experience-based watering and irrigation, failure to actively warn of abnormal environmental conditions and lack of remote management and control. The lag of manual management and control can easily lead to plant withering due to water shortage, damage caused by high temperature and high humidity or potential smoke safety hazards, making it difficult to realize refined and intelligent all-weather maintenance of household green plants. This paper designs a small household intelligent watering device based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer, which integrates core functions such as environmental parameter monitoring, automatic irrigation control, custom parameter thresholds, local data display, WiFi wireless data transmission, remote video monitoring and mobile terminal abnormal early warning. Equipped with DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, YL69 soil humidity sensor and MQ-2 smoke sensor, the device collects real-time data of ambient temperature and humidity, soil humidity and ambient smoke concentration, and the single-chip microcomputer control system automatically compares the collected data with preset thresholds. When the ambient temperature, humidity or smoke concentration exceeds the maximum value set by the user, the device links with the mobile terminal to complete pop-up window and vibration early warning to prompt environmental abnormalities in a timely manner. When the soil humidity is lower than the set minimum value, the system automatically starts the water pump through the SRD-05VDC-SL-C relay module to complete the automatic irrigation of green plants. The device is equipped with independent keys to support users to customize and set various safety thresholds of temperature, soil humidity and smoke concentration, and is matched with an OLED display screen to locally display real-time monitoring data and various preset threshold parameters in real time. At the same time, all monitoring data are synchronously transmitted to the mobile terminal through the ESP8266 WiFi module, supporting remote modification of various control thresholds and remote control of water pump start and stop via the mobile terminal. The V720 camera module is used to realize remote transmission of breeding pictures, and users can check the real-time situation of green plant growth and maintenance environment through mobile APP. The device effectively solves the pain points of traditional manual maintenance of household green plants, such as strong subjectivity, lagging management and control, no early warning for abnormalities and inability of remote management and control. It realizes real-time monitoring of green plant growth environmental parameters, automatic irrigation for water shortage, intelligent early warning for environmental abnormalities and remote visual management and control, which greatly improves the intelligence and refinement level of household green plant maintenance. It is suitable for small-scale household green plant maintenance scenarios and has high practical value and popularization prospect.
Keywords: Intelligent Watering Device; STM32 Single-chip Microcomputer; Environmental Monitoring; Automatic Irrigation; Remote Management and Control
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