设计说明书
总字数：18000+
本毕业论文设计了一款基于STM32F103C8T6单片机的森林火灾监测系统。该系统利用多种传感器，包括GPS模块、风速传感器、风向传感器、DS18B20温度传感器和MQ-5可燃气体传感器，实时监测森林环境的温度、风速、风向和可燃气体浓度等信息。当环境温度、可燃气体值或风速等超过预设阈值时，系统通过GSM通信模块将位置信息、温度、可燃气体浓度、风速和风向等数据发送给管理员，并进行声光报警，以便及时采取应对措施。此外，系统还配备火焰传感器和人体热释电感应模块，用于检测火灾和有人或动物的接近。一旦火焰传感器检测到火灾，系统会立即通过GSM发送报警信息，同时进行声光报警，以便及时扑灭火源。当有人或动物靠近设备时，系统同样通过GSM发送警示信息，以确保设备的安全。用户可以通过按键设置环境温度和可燃气体浓度的预警阈值，方便根据具体情况进行调整。系统还配备OLED显示屏，可以实时显示风速、风向、温度、可燃气体浓度和定位的经纬度等数据，提供方便的信息查看。为了提供长时间的自持续工作，系统采用太阳能板给锂电池充电，并通过锂电池为整个系统供电，保障系统的可靠运行。综上所述，该基于单片机的森林火灾监测系统具有实时监测、报警功能和太阳能供电等特点，可在森林环境中发挥重要的防火作用，为森林保护提供有力支持。
关键词：森林火灾监测；单片机；GSM通信；多种传感器；声光报警；太阳能供电
This graduation thesis presents the design of a forest fire monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The system utilizes various sensors, including GPS module, anemometer, wind vane, DS18B20 temperature sensor, and MQ-5 flammable gas sensor, to real-time monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and flammable gas concentration in the forest. When any of these parameters exceed the preset thresholds, the system employs the GSM communication module to send location information, temperature, flammable gas concentration, wind speed, wind direction, and corresponding data to the administrator, while simultaneously initiating audible and visual alarms, allowing for timely response and actions.Additionally, the system is equipped with flame sensors and human pyroelectric infrared detectors to detect fire and the presence of humans or animals, respectively. In the event of a fire detection, the system promptly transmits an alert message via GSM, and activates audible and visual alarms to facilitate prompt fire extinguishing. When humans or animals approach the system, a warning message is sent through GSM to ensure the safety of the equipment.The user can conveniently set the pre-warning thresholds for environmental temperature and flammable gas concentration using dedicated buttons, adjusting them according to specific requirements. The system is equipped with an OLED display to provide real-time visualization of parameters, such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, flammable gas concentration, and GPS coordinates.To achieve long-term self-sustaining operation, the system is powered by a solar panel that charges a lithium battery, ensuring reliable performance.In conclusion, this microcontroller-based forest fire monitoring system offers real-time monitoring, alarm capabilities, and solar-powered functionality, making it a valuable asset for fire prevention in forest environments, and providing strong support for forest conservation.
Keywords: forest fire monitoring; microcontroller; GSM communication; various sensors; audible and visual alarms; solar power.
目 录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
1 绪论
1.1 选题背景及实际意义
1.2 国内外发展历程
1.3 课题研究的主要内容
2 系统设计方案
2.1整体方案设计
2.2 主要元器件选择
2.2.1 主控芯片的选择
2.2.2 检测人体传感器的选择
2.2.3发送短信模块的选择
3 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路设计
3.2 环境温度检测模块电路设计
3.3 天然气检测模块电路设计
3.4 火焰检测模块电路设计
3.5 人体热释电检测模块电路设计
3.6 风向检测模块电路设计
3.7 风速检测模块电路设计
3.8 GPS模块电路设计
3.9 显示模块电路设计
3.10 GSM模块电路设计
3.11 声光报警模块电路设计
3.12 独立按键模块电路设计
3.13 充放电一体模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 GSM模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与调试过程
5.1 环境温度检测测实物测试
5.2 天然气检测实物测试
5.3 火焰检测实物测试
5.4 动物检测实物测试
5.5 风向检测实物测试
5.6 风速检测实物测试
总结与展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一: 原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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